Msk-Fa

Front 1

achondroplasia

Back 1

-falure of longitudinal bone growth==>short limbs
-nl membrane ossification (nl skull, facial bones, axial skeleton)
-impaired cartilage maturation in growht plate d/t mutated fibroblast growth factor receptor

Front 2

what is mutated in achondroplasia

Back 2

mutated fibroblast growth factor receptor (GFR)

==>impaired cartilage maturation in growth plate

Front 3

subchondral cysts

=>dz?

Back 3

Osteoarthritis

Front 4

eburnation

==>dz?

Back 4

osteoarthritis

Front 5

Bouchard's and Heberdon's nodes

==>dz?

Back 5

osteoarthritis

Front 6

destruction of articular cartilage

==>dz?

Back 6

osteoarthritis

Front 7

bone and cartilage erosion

==>dz?

Back 7

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 8

incr synovial fluid in joint space

==>dz?

Back 8

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 9

pannus

==>dz?

Back 9

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 10

subluxation of joints

==>dz?

Back 10

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 11

Boutonniere deformity

==>dz?

Back 11

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 12

swan-neck deformity

==>dz?

Back 12

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 13

Z-thumb deformity

==>dz?

Back 13

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 14

describe bone mineralization in osteoporosis

Back 14

nl bone mineralization

(but incr bone resorption)

Front 15

osteoporosis : Type I vs II

Back 15

Type I= post-menopausal
(decr estrogen==>incr bone resorption)

Type II= Senile osteoporosis (>70 y/o)

Front 16

distal radius fractures is assoc with what dz

Back 16

osteoporosis

(distal radius fractures= Colles fractures)

Front 17

Tx osteoporosis

Back 17

for severe osteoporosis, tx wtih bisphosphonates (patrick's mneumonics) or pulsatile PTH

Front 18

thickened, dense bones
anemia, thrombocytopenia, infxn

dz?
et?
serum Ca, phosphate, and alk phos levels?

Back 18

dz=Osteopetrosis (marble bone dz)

et=osteoclasts do not resorb bone like they should

serum Ca, phosphate, and ALK PHOS levels are nl

(alk phos ~ osteoBLASTic activity)

thickened dense bones
==>decr BM space
==>anemia, thrombocytopenia, decr WBC cause infxn (~aplastic anemia)

Front 19

osteomalacia/rickets

-desc
-reversible

Back 19

deficient Vit D
==>defective bone mineralization
==>soft bones

-Osteomalacia (Vit D deficiency in adults) is reversible

-Rickets (Vit D deficiency in kids)
==>decr calcification
==>incr osteoid accumulation
==>incr thcikness of epiphyseal growth plate & other Sk deformities

Front 20

osteitis fibrosa cystica

Back 20

von Recklinghausen Dz of bone

-d/t hyper-PTH

*brown tumors (cystic spacews lined by osteoclasts, filled with fibrous stroma and blood)

hyper-PTH==>high serum Ca, low serum phosphorus

-high alk phos (~osteoblastic activity)

Front 21

cystic spaces lined by osteoclasts, filled with fibrous stroma and blood

Back 21

=brown tumors

==>osteitis cystica fibrosa (AKA von Recklinghausen Dz of bone)

-d/t hyper-PTH

hyper-PTH==>high serum Ca, low serum phosphorus

-high alk phos (~osteoblastic activity)

Front 22

describe cardiac abnl secondary to Paget's dz of bone

Back 22

In Paget's dz of bone, A-V shunts cause incr blood flow

==>high-output CHF

Front 23

polyostitic fibrous dysplasia

Back 23

"polyostitic fibrous dysplasia"

-"polyostotic"==>affects multiple bones

-"fibrous dysplasia"==>bone replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony trabeculae; QBank: "unmineralized whorls of connective tissue"

-Albright's syndrome (imagine Madeleine Albright as a young girl with big boobs (precocious pubery) with these other Sx) is a type of polyostitis fibrous dysplasia in which there are:

*multiple unilateral bone lesions
*unilateral pigmented skin lesions (i.e. on one side of back)
*endocrine abnl (precocious puberty)

Front 24

multiple unilateral bone lesions are associated with what endocrine and skin abormalities?

Back 24

-this is Albright's syndrome (imagine Madeleine Albright with these Sx), which is a type of polyostitis fibrous dysplasia in which there are:

*multiple unilateral bone lesions
*unilateral pigmented skin lesions
*endocrine abnl (precocious puberty)

Front 25

polymyalgia rheumatica is assoc w what vascular problem

how Tx

Back 25

temporal (giant cell) arteritis

Tx with prednisone

Front 26

polymyositis

-desc
-et
-how Dx
-lab tests show what

Back 26

=progressive symmetric muscle weakness

-et: CD8+ T-cell induced injury to myofibers

Dx=muscle biopsy with evidence of inflammation

-labs for polymyositis/dermatomyositis show:
*incr CK (indicates muscle destruction b/c CK is in muscle)
*incr aldolase
*positive ANA
*anti-Jo-1

Front 27

dermatomyositis

-desc
-et
-lab tests show what

Back 27

-similar to polymyositis (progressive symmetric muscle weakness d/t CD8+ T-cell induced injury to myofibers)

-but also "shawl and face" skin rash and incr risk of malignancy

-labs for polymyositis/dermatomyositis show:
*incr CK (indicates muscle destruction b/c CK is in muscle)
*incr aldolase
*positive ANA
*anti-Jo-1

Front 28

*incr CK
*incr aldolase
*positive ANA
*anti-Jo-1

suggest what

Back 28

polymyositis/dermatomyositis

(incr CK indicates muscle destruction b/c CK is in muscle)

Front 29

anti-Jo-1 suggest

Back 29

polymyositis/dermatomyositis

Front 30

antibodies to U1RNP

Back 30

mixed connetive tissue dz:

-Raynaud's
-arthralgias/myalgias
-esophageal dysmotility

Front 31

SSA & SSB

Back 31

Sjogren's Syndrome

(SS=Sjogren's Syndrome)

Front 32

Ro antibodies

Back 32

=SSA

(SS=Sjogren's Syndrome)

Front 33

La antibodies

Back 33

=SSB

(SS=Sjogren's Syndrome)

Front 34

risks assoc with Sjogren's syndrome

Back 34

incr risk of B-cell lymphoma & dental caries

Front 35

sicca syndrome

Back 35

(~Sjogren's)

dry eyes
dry mouth
nasal & vaginal dryness ("Vaginal dryness? sicca!")
chronitic bronchitis
refluex esophagitis

Front 36

wire loop lesions in kidney

Back 36

SLE

Front 37

what dz can cause false + on syphilis tests (RPR/VDRL)

Back 37

SLE

Front 38

autoantibodies in lupus

Back 38

1. ANA: sensitive but not specific
2. anti-ds DNA: very specific, poor prognosis
3. anti-Smith: very specific, but not prognostic
4. antihistone Ig: drug-induced lupus

Front 39

antihistone Ig

Back 39

drug-induced lupus

Front 40

anti-dsDNA

Back 40

lupus

Front 41

anti-Smith antibodies

Back 41

lupus

Front 42

et of gout

Back 42

1. decr excretion of uric acid (i.e. thiazide diuretics competitively inhibit uric acid excretion)

2. Lesch-Nyhan

3. PRPP excess

4. G6PD

Front 43

podagra

Back 43

painful MTP joint (big toe) in gout

Front 44

pseudogout

-type of crystals
-MC joint affected

Back 44

Ca++ pyrophosphate

MC joint affected=knee

Front 45

sarcoidosis

Back 45

"GRAN"uloma
G=Gammaglobulinemia (incr IgG)
R=Rheumatoid arthritis (also assoc w/incr IgG)
A=ACE increase
N=noncaseating granulomas

-interstitial lung dz
-bilateral enlarged hilar LN
-uveitis
-parotitis
-erythema nodosum of skin (red nodules ~ RA)
-high Ca++ (d/t elevated activation of Vit D in epithelioid macrophages)
-Bell's palsy

Front 46

anticentromere antibody

Back 46

CREST (anti-CENT-romere sounds like of like CREST)

Front 47

anti-Scl-70 antibody

Back 47

diffuse scleroderma

Front 48

pinpoint bleeding if scrape off this skin lesion

Back 48

pinpoint bleeding=Auspitz sign

==>Psoriasis

Front 49

atopic dermatitis

Back 49

AKA eczema

Front 50

allergic contact dermatitis is what type of hypersensitivity

Back 50

Type IV

Front 51

dermatitis herpetiformis

-pathogenesis
-asoc w what dz

Back 51

IgA deposits at tips of dermal papillae
==>papules & vesicles

-assoc w celiac dz

Front 52

lichen planus

Back 52

pruritic papules & vesicles

lymphocytic infiltrate at epidermal-dermal jxn (mneum: "PLANe of lymphocytes at epidermal-dermal PLANE)

Front 53

erythema multiforme

Back 53

"multiforme"==>multiple types of lesions:
*target lesions (red papules with pale central area)
*macules
*papules
*vesicles

-assoc w/"multiple" causes:
*infections--esp Mycoplasma pneumoniae
*drugs
*cancer
*autoimm dz

Front 54

seborrheic keratosis

Back 54

=senile keratosis (old ppl get it)

-BENIGN
-sharply demarcated plaques/papules with "stuck on" appearance
-squamous epithelium proliferation w/keratain-filled cysts

Front 55

Stevens Johnson syndrome

Back 55

-assoc w sulfa drugs and anticonvulsant drugs

-severe form of erythema multiforme
-high mortality rate
-high fever
-bulla (fluid filled blister >0.5 cm) formation and necrosis
-skin ulceration

Front 56

actinic keratosis

-risk assoc with what

Back 56

-precursor to SCC

-risk of CA is proportional to epithelial dysplasia

Front 57

keloid

Back 57

-abnl proliferation of dermal connective tissue
==>raised, tumor-like scars

-follows trauma to skin (i.e. ear piercing, surgical wounds)

-AfAm

Front 58

arsenic exposure is assoc w/what skin cancer

Back 58

SCC

Front 59

skin SCC is assoc with exposure to what?

Back 59

arsenic

Front 60

skin lesion with pearly papules

Back 60

skin BCC

Front 61

skin tumor that shows "palisading nuclei"

Back 61

skin BCC

Front 62

dysplastic nevus

Back 62

precursor to melanoma

Front 63

MC malignant skin lesion

Back 63

BCC

Front 64

sudden outcropping of raised pigmented papules/plaques (look like moles)

-what are they
-what does the sudden outcropping of them suggest?

Back 64

=seborrheic keratosis

suggest stomach adenoCA

Front 65

acanthosis nigricans suggest what

Back 65

stomach adenoCA

Front 66

bone tumor:

“double bubble” or “soap bubble appearance on X-ray”

-which bone tumor?
-site?

Back 66

giant cell tumor

Epiphysis of long bones;
Distal femur, prox tibia

Front 67

MC benign bone tumor?

site?

Back 67

osteochondroma

-mature bone capped by cartilage
-♂ <25 y/o

site=Metaphysis of long bones

Front 68

MC malignant bone tumor?

-desc
site?

Back 68

osteosarcoma

*Codman’s triangle
♂ 10-20 y/o

site=Metaphysis of long bones

Front 69

cartilage tumors
-benign
-malignant

Back 69

Enchondroma:
Benign cartilage tumor
Site=intramedullary bone (like chondrosarcoma),
BUT in hands/feet (vs chondrosarcoma)


Chondrosarcoma:
Malignant cartilage tumor
Site=intramedullary bone (like enchondroma),
BUT in pelvis, spine, scapula, humerus, tibia, femur

Front 70

“onion skin appearance” on X-ray

-which bone tumor?
-benign or malignant?
-site?

Back 70

Ewing’s sarcoma

-malignant
-“onion skin appearance” on X-ray (mneum: go out for eWINGS and onion rings)
-t (11,22)
-Site=Diaphysis of long bones, pelvis, scapula, & ribs

Front 71

Buerger's disease

Back 71

AKA thrombitis obliterans

(Tip: visualize!)
-thrombosing vasculitis of small-medium peripheral vessels
==>claudication (very painful!)
==>cold insensitivity (Raynaud's)
==>superficial nodular phlebitis

-seen in heavy smokers

Front 72

MC vasculitis

-name
-affects what arteries
-Sx
-assoc w/what MSK problem
-Tx

Back 72

temporal arteritis (AKA giant cell arteritis)

-affects medium-small arteries, usu branches of carotid A

Sx:
-jaw claudication
-impaired vision (occlusion of opthalmic artery, can cause blindness)
-unilateral H/A
-assoc w/polymyalgia rheumatica

Tx: steroids (b/c inflammatory)

Front 73

jaw claudication
elevated ESR

Dx?

Back 73

temporal arteritis (AKA giant cell arteritis)

Front 74

unilateral H/A
imparied vision
elevated ESR

Back 74

temporal arteritis (AKA giant cell arteritis)

Front 75

vasculitis of kidney, lungs/upper airway

-what type of Hypersensitivity

Back 75

Wegener’s granulomatosis

Type 3 hypersens

Front 76

vasculitis of kidney, GI

-Dz?
-what type hypersensitivity?
-assoc w/what dz

Back 76

polyarteritis nodosa

P-ANCA +
Type 3 hypersens

*assoc w/Hep B

-Tx: corticosteroids (to reduce inflammation), cyclophosphamide

Front 77

perforation of nasal septum
chronic sinusitis
otits media
mastoiditis
hemoptysis
hematuria & red cell casts

-Chest X-ray shows large nodular densitis

==>Dx?

Back 77

Wegener's granulomatosis

Front 78

Wegener's granulomatosis

Sx?
Tx?

Back 78

perforation of nasal septum
chronic sinusitis
otits media
mastoiditis
hemoptysis
hematuria & red cell casts

-Chest X-ray shows large nodular densitis

Tx: corticosteroids (to reduce inflamm), cyclophosphamide

Front 79

granulomatous vasculitis involving lungs, heart, skin, kidneys, nerves

-what cells do you see?

Back 79

Eo's

(this is Churg-Strauss syndrome)

Front 80

-vasculitis in infants/kids
-fever
-congested conjunctiva
-chaps in lips/oral mucosa
-lymphadenitis

==>Dz?
==>prognosis
==>risk?

Back 80

Kawasaki dz

-acute, self-limiting but may develop coronary aneurysms

Front 81

Goljan: palpable purpura means what?

Back 81

=small vessel vasculitis
=ImCo (Type 3 hypersens)

Front 82

telangiectasia

Back 82

A-V malformation in small vessels

Front 83

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias have what inheritance pattern?

-Sx?

Back 83

AD

Sx:
nosebleeds
skin discolorations