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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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C5 radiculopathy
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- Sensory - Lateral arm, Deltoid patch
- Motor - Deltoid, Biceps - Reflex - Biceps |
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C6 radiculopathy
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- Sensory - Lateral forearm, thumb and index finger
- Motor - Biceps, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis - Reflex - Brachioradialis |
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C7 radiculopathy
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- Sensory - Middle finger
- Motor - Triceps, Flexor carpi radialis, Extensor digitorum communis, Extensor indicis proprius, Extensor digiti minimi proprius - Reflex - Triceps |
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C8 radiculopathy
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- Sensory - Ulnar fingers, Medial forearm
- Motor - Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, Interossei - Reflex - None |
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T1 radiculopathy
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- Sensory - Medial arm
- Motor - Interossei - Reflex - None |
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L4 radiculopathy
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- Sensory - Medial leg and foot
- Motor - Tibialis anterior - Reflex - Quadriceps |
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L5 radiculopathy
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- Sensory - Lateral leg, Dorsum of foot, 1st web space
- Motor - Extensor hallucis longus, Tibialis posterior, Peroneus longus and brevis, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis anterior - Reflex - None (tibialis posterior) |
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S1 radiculopathy
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- Sensory - Lateral foot, Posterior leg and heel
- Motor - Gastrocnemius and soleus, Flexor hallucis longus - Reflex - Gastrosoleus (Achilles) |
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special aspects of cervical vertebrae
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- most flexible
- horizontal facet joints - large foramina |
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what nods the head?
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- kidney atlas w/ occiptal bones
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where do lumbar puctures go?
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- interval b/t spinous process and laminae of adjacent lumbar vertebra
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pars interarticularis
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- region of lamina b/t superior and inferior process
- spondylosis is a break in the scottydog neck |
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what is the nucleus propulsus made of?
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- type 2 collagen
- proteoglycans - chondrocytes |
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what is the annulus fibrosis made of?
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- fibrocytes
- Type I collagen |
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how does the nucleus propulsus get its nutrition?
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- a little from diffusion from the annulus
- most from the adjacent vertebral end plates - no big molecules or anions (cartialge is negative) - no ox, so anaerobic metabolism |
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how do the disks change w/ age?
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- decreased water and proteoglycan, and increased type I collagen of nucleus
- decreased perm of vertebral end plates - by 70's, nucleus is mostly fibrocartilage |
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disk herniation characteristics
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- lumbar and cervical
- posterolateral - incidence decreases after 50 |
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where does the spinal cord end?
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L1 or L2
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where does the dural sac end?
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S2
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whats in the dorsal root ganglion
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cell bodies of afferent neurons
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how a lumbar herniated disk different?
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- the IV foramina are really big, so the nerve emerges above the disk
- so protrusion gets the next one down |
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cauda equina syndrome
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- if a large lumbar disk compresses the cauda equina
- severe pain, diffuse bilateral lower extremity weakness - decreased perineal sensation (saddle anesthesia) - possible bowel and bladder dysfunction - surgical emergency |
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Batson's plexus
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- the veins of the vertebrae
- communicate freely w/ veins of the body wall - relatively few valves - good collateral circulation in obstruction of IVC - pathway for mets of pelvis to vertebral column and cranium |
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intermediate muscles of the back
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- two small muscles of respiration
- the serratus posterior superior and the serratus posterior inferior |
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superficial splenius
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- deep muscles of the back
- muscles that extend the neck and head |
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erector spinae muscles
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- deep muscles of the back
- acting as a unit, extend the vertebral column |
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transversospinalis muscles
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- deep muscles of the back
- extend, laterally flex and rotate the spine |
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what innervates the deep muscles of the back
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- primary dorsal rami of spinal nerves
- they divide into medial and lateral branches that run down the spine - supply their segment and a segment or 2 below |
