Msk 04

Front 1

for every 2 degrees of glenohumeral motion, there is 1 degree of what motion?

Back 1

scapulothoracic motion

Front 2

how do you find the glenohumeral joint for injections?

Back 2

- coracoid process 1-2 fingers under scapula through deltoid
- GH joint is 1 lateral to the coracoid

Front 3

suprascapular nerve

Back 3

- gets supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Front 4

subscapular nerve

Back 4

- gets subscapular nerve

Front 5

calcific tendinitis

Back 5

- tears of the rotator cuff
- when the supraspinatus tendon is caught b/t humeral head and acromion

Front 6

long thoracic nerve

Back 6

- gets serratus anterior
- lesion is winging of scapula

Front 7

what is greater in the shoulder, internal or external rotation?

Back 7

internal rotation by lats, teres major, subscapularis, pec major

Front 8

to what degree to clavicular joints rotate w/ arm abduction?

Back 8

- AC, 20 degrees
- SC, 40 degrees
- this is for when the shoulder is up at 180 degrees
- the GH does 120 (so add the 40 and the 60)

Front 9

whats in the spiral groove of the humerus?

Back 9

radial nerve

Front 10

what is the difference in motion b/t the brachialis and the biceps?

Back 10

- brachialis flexes extended arm
- biceps flex the flexed arm

Front 11

fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

Back 11

- upper fragment abducted and externally rotated by muscles on greater tubercle
- lower fragment adducted and internally rotated by the internal rotators

Front 12

fracture of the humeral shaft

Back 12

angulation and overriding may result from muscular pull

Front 13

fracture of the middle and lower thirds of the humerus

Back 13

associated w/ injuries of the encircling radial nerve

Front 14

what connects the proximal radius and ulna?

Back 14

annular ligament

Front 15

what important structures are in the antecubital fossa

Back 15

- biceps tendon
- brachial artery
- median nerve
- ulnar nerve

Front 16

volkmann ischemia

Back 16

- from a supracondylar fracture that lacerates the antecubital vessels
- 4 p's of pain, pallor,
pulselessness, and paresthesias
- can cause crippling contractures

Front 17

Colles fracture

Back 17

- distal inch of radius
- tends to mess with the radioulnar joint

Front 18

wierd name flexors

Back 18

- quadratus
- pronators
- palmaris longus

Front 19

wierd name extensors

Back 19

- suppinator
- brachioradialis
- anconeus

Front 20

how is flexor digitorum profundus different from superficialis?

Back 20

- not divided
- act less independently
- have more power

Front 21

fracture of the radius b/t the suppinator and pronator

Back 21

- proximal fragment is strongly supinated by the supinator and biceps
- the distal fragment is pronated by the pronators teres and quadratus

Front 22

de Quervain disease

Back 22

- the short thumb extensor lies with the abductor pollicis longus in a common sheath covered by ligaments that hold them against the styloid process of the radius
- Occasionally, the friction produced by movement between the sheath and the styloid
process leads to this stenosing tenosynovitis

Front 23

trigger finger

Back 23

- whenthere is tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon sheaths that leads to cicatricial stenosis of the sheath
- Associated proximal swelling and thickening of the tendons interfere with their movement in the
sheath, producing a sudden snapping or popping during flexion and extension and occasionally locking the
digit in a flexed or extended position

Front 24

all about the hypothenar muscles

Back 24

- abductor, flexor, and opponens digiti minimi, and the palmaris brevis
- innervated by the ulnar nerve

Front 25

all about the thenar muscles

Back 25

- abductor pollicis brevis the flexor pollicis brevis, and the opponens pollicis
- all innervated by the median nerve except the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis, which is ulnar

Front 26

lumbrical muscles vs. interossi

Back 26

- lumbercals extend IPs
- interossi adduct to middle
- all innervated by the ulnar nerve except the 1st and 2nd lumbercles, which are median

Front 27

swan neck deformity

Back 27

- flexion of DIP
- hyperextension of PIP
- from flexor superficialis tendon descruction

Front 28

boutonniere

Back 28

- flexion of PIP
- hyperextension of DIP
- from extensor descruction

Front 29

Erb paulsy

Back 29

- lesion of 5th adn 6th roots of brachial plexus
- from widening of the head-shoulder interval at birth
- gets axillary, musculocutaneous, and suprascapular nerves
- arm cannot be raised
- elbow flexion weak
- If roots damaged above junction, paralysis of the rhomboids and serratus anterior -> weakness in scapula retraction and protraction

Front 30

Injury to the lower roots (C8 and T1) or lower trunk of brachial plexus

Back 30

- from forceful abduction of the shoulder
- weakness in intrinsic muscles of the hand as and long flexors and extensors
of the fingers

Front 31

Injury to posterior cord of brachial plexus

Back 31

- weakens elbow, wrist, and metacarpophalangeal joint extension (radial nerve)
- weakens shoulder abduction (axillary nerve)

Front 32

Injury to lateral cord of brachial plexus

Back 32

- impairs elbow flexion (musculocutaneous nerve)
- impairs wrist flexion (lateral root of median nerve)

Front 33

Injury to medial cord of brachial plexus

Back 33

combined median and ulnar nerve deficit

Front 34

musculocutaneous nerve

Back 34

- C5, C6
- coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis
- antebrachial cutaneous nerve
- lesion means weakness of
elbow flexion and supination and loss of sensation of lateral forearm

Front 35

axillary nerve

Back 35

- C5, C6
- deltoid and teres minor
- sensory for skin over deltoid
- lesion means weakness of shoulder abduction and external rotation

Front 36

radial nerve

Back 36

- C5-T1, largest and most frequently injured
- sensory to posterior arm
- triceps and extensors
- it divides at elbow
- deep goes to forarm extensors and skin
- superficial gets dorsal webspace skin and to middle finger and PIPs
- lesion is inability to extend writs or hand

Front 37

median nerve

Back 37

- C5, 6, 7, 8, and T1
- gets all the flexors that the ulnar doesn't get
- nothing in the arm
- sensory to thumb, radial 2 ½ fingers w/ palm
- lesion means weak
pronation, flexion and radial deviation w/ ape hand

Front 38

ulnar nerve, minus lesions

Back 38

- C8, T1
- gets flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus in forearm
- gets the whole ulnar hand for skin
- in hand, gets hypothenar muscles and adductor pollicis

Front 39

Froment sign

Back 39

- from lesion of ulnar nerve at wrist, so paralysis of all small muscles of hand and hypothenal muscles
- when you try to grasp a piece of paper b/t tumb and forfinger, compensating flexor pollicis longus makes the thumb IP flex

Front 40

hand of benediction

Back 40

- ulnar clawhand
- ulnar nerve lesion below mid-forearm
- 4th adn 5th fingers are hyperextended at MCPs by the long extensors, yet flexed at the IP's

Front 41

ulnar nerve lesion above the midforearm

Back 41

- no ulnar clawhand
- extrinsic muscles for IP flexion are also denervated

Front 42

complete clawhand

Back 42

- from low lesion of median and ulnar nerves
- MCPs extended and IP's flexed by still functional extrinsics

Front 43

where can you ligate arteries in the arm?

Back 43

- subclavian or axillary
arteries b/t thyrocervical
trunk and subscapular artery (anastomoses about scapula)
- brachial artery distal to
the inferior ulnar collateral artery (elbow)
- Either radial or ulnar artery in forearm (palmar and
carpal arches)