Msd

Front 1

AOS definition

Back 1

the inability to produce volitional speech movements; independent from dysarthria (i.e., weakness, spasticity, rigidity, hyper/hypotonicity), aphasias, or other non verbal apraxias

Front 2

Phonetic- Motoric Disorder

Back 2

has to do specifically with speech; variable productions; distortion of segment and intersegment transitionalization (timing issues)

Front 3

disorder of voluntary movement

Back 3

disturbance in the PROGRAMMING of speech MOVEMENTS; muscles are capable

Front 4

planning

Back 4

Planning for speech takes place in motor association areas (premotor, supplemental motor area, Broca’s area, prefrontal and parietal association areas, caudate circuit of basal ganglia [subcortical areas], Wernicke’s area)

Front 5

programming

Back 5

• Speech “programming” is “a set of muscle commands that are structured before a movement sequence begins which can be delivered without reference to external feedback”

• Programs specify muscle tone: tone, movement direction, force, range, rate, and mechanical stiffness of joints

Front 6

AOS pathology

Back 6

• Often co-exists with dysarthria and/or aphasia
• Nearly always result of pathology in the left cerebellar hemisphere
• AOS and Dysarthria are different
o Dysarthria should be evident in both speech and non-speech movements
o AOS is only present in speech
L cerebellar hemisphere- motor speech programming
• Overlap btw these linguistic areas and MSP; therefore, damage to perisylvian zone often results in co-occurrence of AOS and aphasia
• MSP transforms abstract phonemes to a neural code, which is to be executed by the motor system
• Cortical areas involves
o Premotor areas, Broca’s area
o Supplementary motor area (medial aspect of frontal lobe0area 6)
o Parietal lobe somatosensory cortex……… more

Front 7

AOS etiologies

Back 7

• Vascular lesions (stroke) most common cause- L hemisphere MCA
• Diffuse diseases rarely produce isolated AOS
• Non-verbal oral mechanism
o May be no evidence of weakness; gag reflex and chewing/swallowing may be normal
o Lesions are usually large enough, that there may be concomitant unilateral corticobulbar damage (with weakness, etc)…dysarthria
o Possible sensory deficits
o Usually not going to see pure forms!

Front 8

AOS speech characteristics

Back 8

lots of phoneme level errors; inconsistent errors; errors increase with word length; poor imitation; patient aware of errors; automatic/reactive speech better;