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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parallelism
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Comparable items in the sentence must be structurally and logically similar
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Noun Phrase
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Must be Parallel to Noun Phrases only i.e. poor working conditions
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How to ID Parallelism
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Spot the Markers
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Parallel Markers
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Words that Link or Contrast items
And Both/And Or Either Or Not/But Not Only/But Also But Also Rather Than From/To |
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Conjunctions
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Are the MOST important Parallel Markers
And But Or |
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Make sure the two sides of the sentence are both structurally and logically parallel
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Parallel Elements
Nouns Adjectives Verbs Infinitives (To -Verb) Participles (-ing) Prepositional Phrases (in, on, of, by, etc.) Subordinate Clauses (that, which, because Clauses) |
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More than Word repeated
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i.e. was opening, was handing, was...
Split apart so that the first word applies to all elements |
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Parallel Clauses
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Should Start with the same word
e.g. Where I can relax and Where the weather is cool |
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Do Not Over-shorten Elements
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Make sure the elements are complete
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And
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Never skip past AND. Always figure out which items are part of the list
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It items in a list are long groups of words (clauses that may contain lists themselves)...
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...BE VERY careful as you tally items
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Idioms with 'Built-In' Parallel Structure
X Acts... |
...As Y
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Idioms
As X,... |
...So Y
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Idioms
Between X... |
...And Y
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Idioms
Compared To X... |
... , Y
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Idioms
Declare X... |
...Y
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Idioms
X Develops... |
...into Y
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Idioms
X Differs... |
...From Y
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Idioms
Distinguish X... |
...From Y
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Idioms
X Instead... |
...Of Y
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X is Known...
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...To Be Y
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X is Less...
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...Than Y
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Make X...
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...Y
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Mistake X...
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...for Y
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Not Only X...
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...But Also Y
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Regard X...
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...As Y
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X is the Same...
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...As Y
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X is good,....
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...and so too is Y
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X,...
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...Such as Y (Example)
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Think of X...
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...As Y
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X is Thought....
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....To be Y
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View X....
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....As Y
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Whether X...
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...Or Y
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Superficial vs. Actual Parallelism
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Items MUST be logically parallel in order to be made structurally parallel.
Depending on the meaning not all items in the sentence may need to be structurally parallel (-ing. participles may be modifying something else in the sentence) |
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Superficial vs. Actual Parallelism
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Do not assume that ALL verbs or verbal forms need to be parallel
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Linking Verbs
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Instead of expressing what the subject DOES these express what the subject IS or what condition the subject is in.
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Linking Verbs
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MUST be used as Parallel Markers. Subject and Object MUST be parallel
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Linking Verbs (To Be)
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is
are was were am been be being |
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Linking Verbs (Others)
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appear
become feel grow look remain represent resemble seem smell sound stay taste turn |
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Linking Verb - To be
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Does not need to be used as a linking verb - it can also be used as progressive tenses
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