Msak Trunk Joints And Kinesiology

Front 1

What kind of Structural and Functional Joints are the Articulations of vertebral bodies

Back 1

Functionally: amphiarthrodial
Structurally: fibrocartilaginous symphisis joints

Front 2

A broad and strong band of fibers, which extends along the anterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae, from the axis to the sacrum.

Back 2

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Front 3

Situated within the vertebral canal, and extends along the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae, from the body of the axis to the sacrum

Back 3

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Front 4

What type of Joint: articular processes of each vertebra articulate with the upper and lower vertebrae articular processes

Back 4

Synovial Joints called:
zygapophysial joints

Front 5

A fibrocartilaginous structure that intervene between the bodies of the adjacent vertebrae and bind them together. It is made of two parts: name them.

Back 5

1. Intervertebral discs
2. nucleous pulposus & analus fibrosus

Front 6

Fills the central part of the disc and is gelatinous in nature which absorbs compression forces between the vertebrae.

Back 6

Nucleous Pulposus

Front 7

Is made of collagen fibers which forms the peripheral part of the disc.

Back 7

Anulus fibrosus

Front 8

True or false? Degenerative changes in anulus fibrosus can lead to herniation of nucleus pulposus?

Back 8

True

Front 9

True or false? Postero-lateral herniation can impinge on the roots of a spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen.

Back 9

True

Front 10

Movements of the vertebral column are:

Back 10

Flexion / extension in the sagittal plane
Lateral flexion in the coronal plane
Rotation in the transverse plane

Front 11

The zypapophysial joints belong to the _________ variety

Back 11

arthrodial

Front 12

The articular capsules are longer and looser in the cervical than in the thoracic and lumbar regions? T or F

Back 12

True

Front 13

The laminae , spinous and transverse processes are connected by the following 4 ligaments

Back 13

1. the ligamenta flava
2. the supraspinous ligament
3. the interspinous ligament
4. the intertransverse ligaments

Front 14

This type of ligament connects the lamina of adjacent vertabrae, from the axis to the first segment (vertebra) of the sacrum. Their marked elasticity serves to preserve the upright posture, and to assist the vertebral column in resuming it after flexion.

Back 14

The Ligamenta Flava - fills the gap between the spine

Front 15

A strong fibrous cord, which connects together the apices of the spinous processes from the 7th cervical vertebra to the sacrum. It is continued upward to the EOP as the ligamentum nucha

Back 15

The Supraspinous Ligament

Front 16

Thin and membranous, connects adjoining spinous processes and extends from the root to the apex of each process.

Back 16

Interspinous Ligament

Front 17

This ligament is interposed between the transverse processes

Back 17

Intertransverse Ligament

Front 18

This ligament is a fibrous membrane, which is in the neck, represents the supraspinous ligaments of the lower vertebrae. It extends from the EOP to the SP's of C7

Back 18

The Ligamentum Nucha

Front 19

This vertebra has the most prominent spinous process (not bi) in the vertebral column and called VERTEBRAL PROMINENT

Back 19

CVII (the 7th Cervical Vertebra)

Front 20

The "NO" Movement. It is a synovial pivot joint between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas.

Back 20

Atlantoaxial Joint - between the atlas and axis

Front 21

This ligament is a strong membrane, fixed, above, to the lower border of the anterior arch of the atlas; below, to the front of the body of the axis

Back 21

Anterior Atlantoaxial Ligament (Membrane)

Front 22

This ligament is a broad, thin membrane attached, above, to the lower border of the posterior arch of the atlas; below, to the upper edges of the laminae of the axis. It supplies the place of the ligamentum flavum.

Back 22

Posterior Atlantoaxial Ligament (Membrane)

Front 23

This joint allows the rotation of the atlas (and with it the skull) upon the axis.

Back 23

The Atlantoaxial joint

Front 24

This ligament is a thick, strong band, that arches across the ring of the atlas, and retains the odontoid process in contact with the anterior arch. It is firmly attached on either side to a small tubercle on the medial surface of the lateral mass of the atlas. As it crosses the odontoid process, a small fasciculus is prolonged upward, and another downward, from the superficial or posterior fibers of the ligament. The former is attached to the basilar part of the occipital bone, in close relation with the membrana tectoria; the latter is fixed to the posterior surface of the body of the axis.

Back 24

Transverse Ligament of the Atlas or also named the cruciate ligament of the atlas.

Front 25

Articulation of the Atlas (lateral mass) with the occipital bone consists of a pair of synovial condyloid (condylar) joints. This joint is called . . .

Back 25

the Atlantooccipital Joint

Front 26

Atlantooccipital Joint: the ligaments connecting the bones are: (three)

Back 26

1. the Articular capsules
2. the Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane
3. the Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane

Front 27

This Capsule surrounds the condyles of the occipital bone, and connects them with the superior articular surfaces of the lateral masses of the atlas. They are thin and loose.

Back 27

The Articular Capsule of the Atlantooccipital Joint

Front 28

This membrane passes between the anterior margin of the foramen magnum above, and the upper border of the anterior arch of the atlas below (Atlantooccipital Joint)

Back 28

The Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane

Front 29

This (Atlantooccipital Joint) membrane is connected above, to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum; below, to the upper border of the posterior arch of the atlas.

Back 29

The Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane

Front 30

The movements permitted by the Atlantooccipital joint are: (two)
Bi-axial- no rotational movements here.

Back 30

1. flexion and extension - which gives rise to the ordinary forward and backward nodding of the head
2. slight lateral motion to one or other side.

Front 31

Ligaments Connecting the Axis with the Occipital Bone: T or F? The Tectorial Membrane is situated within the vertebral canal.

Back 31

True: It covers the odontoid process and its ligaments, and appears to be a prolongation upward of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column.

Front 32

Ligaments Connecting the Axis with the Occipital Bone: T or F? The Alar Ligaments arise one on either side of the upper part of the odontoid process and , passing obliquely upward and lateral ward.

Back 32

True: They are inserted into the medial sides of the condyles of the occipital bone.

Front 33

T or F? In addition to the ligaments which unite the atlas and axis to the skull, the ligamentum nuchae must be regarded as one of the ligaments connecting the vertebral column with the cranium.

Back 33

True!

Front 34

Unconvertebral joints are synovial joints formed between uncinate processes of the cervical vertebrae. They are located in the cervical vertebrae between C3 and C7. Two lips project upward from the superior surface of the vertebral body below and one projects downward from the inferior surface of the vertebral body above. They allow for flexion / extension and limit lateral flexion in the cervical spine. This joint also goes by the name of ?

Back 34

Luschka's Joints

Front 35

Articulations of the head of the ribs constitute a series of synovial gliding joints (arthrodial). They are formed by the Articulation of the head of the typical ribs with the facets on the contiguous margins of the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and with the intervertebral discs between them. The 1st, 10th, 11th, 12th ribs each articulate with a single vertebrae. These joints are called?

Back 35

Costovertebral Joints

Front 36

T or F? (Costovertebral J.) Radiate ligament of the head of a rib connects the anterior part of the head of each rib with the side of the bodies of two vertebrae, and the intervertebral disc between them.

Back 36

True

Front 37

T or F? (Costovertebral J.) The interarticular ligament is situated in the interior of the joint. It attaches on one end of the crest seperating the two articular facets on the head of the rib, and on the other end to the intervertebral disc. It divides the joint into two cavities . . .

Back 37

True

Front 38

What kind of articulations are formed between the tubercle of the rib with the articular surface on the adjacent transverse process (arthrodial joint)

Back 38

Costotransverse Articulation

Front 39

Trunk Kinesiology
The vertebral column, the axis of the body, must meet 2 contradictory mechanical requirements - what are they?

Back 39

Rigidity and Plasticity

Front 40

Plasticity vs. Rigidity
- shifting body weight
- adaptation of the paravertebral muscles such as rotatores, erector spinae and multifidi

Back 40

Plasticity

Front 41

Rigidity vs. Plasticity
- column extends from the pelvis to the head
- supports the scapular girdle
- tighteners of ligaments and muscles of all levels.

Back 41

Rigidity

Front 42

Costotransverse Articulations: T or F?
The superior costotransverse ligament is attached below to the upper border of the neck of the rib and to the transverse process immediately above.

Back 42

True!

Front 43

Costotransverse Articulations:
T or F?
The costotransverse ligament connects the rough surface on the back of the neck of the rib with the anterior surface of the adjacent transverse process.

Back 43

True!

Front 44

Costotransverse Articulations:
T or F?
The lateral costotransverse ligament passes obliquely from the apex of the transverse process to the rough non-articular tubercle of the rib.

Back 44

True!

Front 45

Sternocostal and costochondral joints:

Back 45

The articulations of the true ribs with the sternum are synovial joints, with the exception of the first, in which the cartilage is directly united with the sternum, and which is, therefore, a synchondrosis (cartiliginous) articulation.

Front 46

Sternocostal and costochondral joints:
Two ligaments connecting them: 1) the radiate sternocostal ligament and
2) the interarticular sternocostal ligament

Back 46

True

Front 47

What is the radiate sternocostal ligament?

Back 47

consists of broad and thin membranous bands that radiate from the front and back of the sternal ends of cartilages of the true ribs to the anterior and posterior surfaces of the sternum.

Front 48

What is the interarticular sternocostal ligament?

Back 48

found only between the second costal cartilages and the sternum. The cartilage of the 2nd rib is connected with the sternum by means of an interarticular ligament, attached by one end to the cartilage of the rib, and by the other to the fibrocartilage disc. which unites the manubrium and body of the sternum.

Front 49

What types of movement is permitted in the sternocostal articulations?

Back 49

slight gliding movements

Front 50

Describe Costochondral articulations:

Back 50

The lateral end of each costal cartilage is received into a depression in the sternal end of the rib, and the two are held together by the periosteum

Front 51

The curvatures of the vertebral column:
In the saggital plane the following four curvatures are seen:
1) Sacral - fixed as a result of total fusion of the sacral vertebrae. It is convex posteriorly
2) the lumbar curvature, concave posteriorly 60 degrees
3) the thoracic curvature, convex posteriorly 60 +- 5 degrees
4) the cervical curvature, concave posteriorly 45+- 5 degrees

Back 51

True

Front 52

Talocrural and Tarsal Joints
Abduction/Adduction
Which one is false?
a)Usually in body movements occuring in the sagital plane?
b)in foot and ankle, occur around a vertical axis on a horizontal plane - foot moving inwards/outwards
c)small movements throughout lower leg, ankle and foot
d)can be used with motions of foot that occur as result of movement at knee and hip

Back 52

Answer: A

Usually in body movements occur in FRONTAL plane