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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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By what process is CSF produced?
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active transport of Na, passive diffusion of Cl, bicarb, water
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Where is CSF produced?
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choroid plexus of the ventricles, mainly lateral
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How is CSF reabsorbed?
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via the arachnoid villi into the sagital sinus
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What is the BBB permeable to?
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water, gases (including anesthetics), small lipophilic substances
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By what process does glucose cross the BBB?
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facilitated diffusion
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What is the normal volume of CSF produced per day?
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500cc
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What is the normal pressure of the CSF?
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10mmHg
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The ventricles are continuous with what 'space'?
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subarachnoid space
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What is the normal volume of CSF at any given moment?
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100-150ml
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What is the chief function of the CSF?
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protection of the brain and spinal cord
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Rate of cerebral blood flow in adults?
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750ml/min or 15% of resting cardiac output
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What is CMRO2? in adults?
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cerebral metabolic requirement for oxygen= 3.0-3.8 ml O2/100g/min
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How is CBF related to cerebral metabolism?
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directly proportional
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The vertebral arteries join to form the . . .
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Basilar artery
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The circle of willis is fed by which arteries?
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internal carotids, vertebral arteries thru the basilar
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The basilar artery splits into which two arteries?
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the posterior cerebral arteries
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What arteries make up the circle of Willis?
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posterior and anterior cerebral arteries, posterior and anterior communicating arteries
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What effect does a one deg. Celsius drop in body temperature have on CBF?
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CBF declines by 5-7%
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What is the normal MAP range for autoregulation of CBF?
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60-150 mmHg
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Describe the relationship between MAP and CBF.
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An increase in MAP above the normal range for the patient results in a proportional increase in CBF. Same is true for a drop in MAP.
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What is the change in CBF per change in PCO2?
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CBF changes 3% for every 1mmHg change in PCO2
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What is the effective range of PCO2 on CBF?
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25-65 mmHg
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What are the two ways to hyperpolarize a cell membrane?
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inc. permeability to K
inc. permeability to Cl |
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The combined effect of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
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summation
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presynaptic receptors that bind neurotransmitter, thereby, slowing further release
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autoreceptors
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Fate of neurotransmitters.
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reuptake or enzymatic degredation
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Glutamate/Aspartate
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-amino acid NT
-excitatory, -brain (cortex), -NMDA-memory and pain in spinal cord |
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Glycine
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-amino acid NT
-inhibitory, -RF and between interneurons and motor neurons, -strychnine blocks action |
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GABA
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-amino acid NT
-inhibitory (hyperpolarization) -cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia, limbic system, spinal cord, -Benzo's enhance effect |
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Acetylcholine
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-monoamine NT
-excitatory (cholinergic nerves) -RAS, |
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Dopamine
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-monoamine NT
-dopaminergic neurons -substantia nigra to striatum -regulate motor activity -lost in Parkinson's -midbrain to limbic system -excess leads to schizophrenia |
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Norepinephrine
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-monoamine NT
-adrenergic neurons, alpha, beta receptors -locus ceruleus (pons) to thalamus and cortex -arousal of those areas and mood -dec. causes depression -inc. causes mania |
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Serotonin
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-monoamine NT
-raphe nuclei (pons) -activates cortex, regulates mood -dec. causes depression |
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Substance P
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-neuropeptide NT
-amino acid short chain -substantia nigra, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, cortex, spinal cord (pain transmission) |
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Endorphins
Enkephalins |
-neuropeptide NT
-interfere with pain in CNS -bind to opiod receptors |
