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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Syncope: |
Fainting/ pass out |
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Pre-syncope: |
patient reports pale cool skin, cold sweat, dizziness and seeing spots -stop dental work, place pt. in supine position with feet elevated, use ammonia vaporale under pt. nose |
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Syncope symptoms: |
irregular breathing, jerky, pupils dilate, Bradycardia, decreased blood pressure -assess consciousness |
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Post-syncope |
patient eels disoriented and confused. recovering state -do not continue dental wok |
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After a stroke, how long should you wait to have dental work done? |
6 months |
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Tackycardia: |
faster than normal heart rate at rest |
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Blood pressure is measured in ?/? |
Systolic/Diastolic |
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How many minutes before cells break down without oxygen? |
4 minutes |
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Where would you normally move a pt. if they are having a hard time breathing? |
Up right position |
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if a pt. is hyperventalating do we give them oxygen? |
NO |
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What is insulin shock? |
-lack of circulated blood sugar with acute onset of severe symptoms -Type 1 diabetes
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What are some symptoms of insulin shock? |
-personality change (drunkeness) -lethargy -drowsy -confusion -hunger -weakness -tachycardia -unconsciousness -thready pulse
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What is the emergency treatment for insulin shock? |
in conscious, give pt. sugar and place in upright position. monitor vitals, or basic life support if necessary
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What is Dyspnia? |
difficulty breathing |
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Tachypnea: |
increase rate of breathing |
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What should pt's with asthma have out? |
Inhaler should be out and easily accessible before treatment starts |
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Tachypnea: |
increased rate of breathing |
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Symptoms of asthma attack: |
-extreme fatigue -dehydration -cyanosis -rapid heart rate |
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emergency treatment for asthma: |
-upright position -use inhaler -in episode continues use oxygen and call EMS |
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Emphysema: |
Decrease in abiity to draw extra oxygen |
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symptoms of emphysema: |
-bronchioles become pulgged with mucus -undue breathlessness on exertion
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Emergency treatment for emphysema: |
BMEP Sit pt in upright position Be cautious about administering oxygen - could cause pt. to go into respiratory arrest. |
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Anaphylactic Shock |
severe allergy reaction |
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symptoms of anaphylactic shock: |
-skin reactions -smooth muscle spasm -nausia -vomiting -respiratory distress
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Emergency treatment of Anaphylactic shock |
-follow BMEP -Epipen -epinephrine -monitor vitals |
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what are the 4 phases of Seizures/epilepsy |
1. Prodromal Phase: increased anxiety/depression 2. Preictal Phase: pt. loses consciousness, epileptic cry occurs 3.Ictal Phase: Tonic-- Clonic-- 4. Postictal Phase: Tonic-Clonic movements stop, breathing returns to normal, consciousness returns, full recovery within 2 hrs. |
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Tonic-- |
generalized mm contractions, lack of oxygen, lasts 10-20 seconds |
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Clonic |
Generalized relazation of mm. heavy breathing, pt. froth at mouth, lasts 2-5 min. |
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Emergency tx of seizures: |
-protect pt from harm remove sharp objects, -maintain airway if needed -Call EMS |
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If Pt is unconscious and have Insulin Hypoglycemia what do they need? |
Insulin, NOT Oxygen |
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What is needed with a conscious pt with epelepcy? |
100% oxygen |
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Three things you need, in order for anaphalactic shock |
1. Epipen 2. antihistamine 3. oxygen |
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What is the dosage for Nitroglicerine spray? |
1 spray on the tongue |
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what is aromatic amonia used for? |
if pt is faint or passed out |
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for heart attack and angina, what percent oxygen and nitrice should be used? |
35% Nitrice 65% oxygen |
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What is the major side effect of stoke? |
Impaired speech |
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How does the Ultrasonic work in theory? |
high frequency sound waves produce rapid vibrations. |
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when does cavitation occur? |
when the water meets the vibrating tip. Minute bubbles are created to collapse and release energy to destroy surface bacteria and remove endotoxins |
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Amplitude: |
distance of tip movement which determines power output of instrument. |
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Frequency: |
Speed of movement which is the # of cycles per second the tip moves |
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how many cps does the ultrasonic operate at? |
18,000-45,000 cps |
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what kind of ultrasonic do we use in clinic? |
Magnetostrictive unit |
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what uses longitudinal stacks of metal strips in handpeice? |
magnetostrictive unit |
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what uses fragile ferric rod that generates less heat? |
Ferromagnetic unit |
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Describe tip movements in conventional magnetostrictive units |
elliptical patterns, all surfaces are active. |
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Describe tip movements in Ferromagnetic tips |
rotates 360 degrees, in 3 different planes; equal effectiveness on all sides of tip. |
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What part of the ultrasonic should we not use? |
the Tip |
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HIgher frequency = ? |
Faster vibrations=higher heat products |
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the Piezoelectric model operates by: |
-alternating electrical energy applied to piezoelectric crystals in hand piece that produces ultrasonic vibrations. |
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Tip Movements in Piezoelectric model: |
designed to vibrate in a single plane to eliminate lateral vibrations. Linear pattern forwards and backwards *only lateral surfaces of tip are activated. |
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Sonic Scalers move at ? CPS |
2500-50,000cps |
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how many surfaces of the sonic scaler tip are active? |
all surfaces |
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is heat generated in sonic scaling? |
no- less vibrations=less heat |
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Advantages of ultrasonic and sonic scaling: |
-reduction in time -improved operator comfort
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Disadvantages: |
-extended exposure to high pitched noise could be damaging -not necisarily more effective -pt. discomfort |
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Contraindictions for ultrasonic scaling: |
-pacemakers (unless they are covered) -hearing aids -respiratory problems -gagging -young children with large pulps |
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What are some ways to reduce aerisols while using ultrasonic |
-use antimicrobial rinse first -use high volume suctions -flush lines for 2-3 minutes -bariers -face shields |
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Fulcrum for ultrasonic: |
extraoral and soft tissue rests |
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Adaptation for ultrasonic: |
keepside of instruments tip parallel no more than 15 degrees angle with the tooth surface. |
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*Do not hold tip _______ to tooth. this can cause damage to tooth surace |
perpendicular |
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Stroke with ultrasonic: |
Light, sweeping motions, overlaping strokes |
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what do you do if instrument gets caught interproximally? |
deactivate power, remove instrument, then reactivate. |
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Ischemia: |
Inadequate blood supply to a local area due to blockage of blood vessels leading to that area |
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Infarct |
an area of necrosis in a tissue or organ resulting from obstruction of the local circulation by a thrombus or embolus |
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Occlusion |
to close off |
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Aphasia |
difficulty speaking |
