Ms Final Review

Front 1

What is a polar molecule?

Back 1

a molecule with a positively and negatively charged ends

Front 2

The colligative properties of seawater are ________.

Back 2

charecteristics caused by the dissolved solids in seawater

Front 3

The higher the salinity the ______ the density.

Back 3

higher

Front 4

________ can control the water concentration in their cells. The water concentration in the cells of ________ changes with the salinity of the surrounding seawater.

Back 4

Osmoregulators, Osmoconformers

Front 5

The ______ system is most often used in science to measure temperature

Back 5

Celsius

Front 6

What is the heat capacity of water?

Back 6

1.00 calories per gram

Front 7

The tendency for water to resist temperature change is called _______ ________. It is one of the factors in establishing ______________.

Back 7

Thermal inertia, Thermal equilibrium

Front 8

The ocean is stratified with _____ layers below __________ layers.

Back 8

Denser, Less dense

Front 9

The thermocline is the boundary between layers of water with differing ________.

Back 9

temperatures

Front 10

The advantage of being an endotherm is ___________________.

Back 10

it allows the organism organism to live with wider temperature ranges

Front 11

Buoyancy affects marine organisms by ___________.

Back 11

minimizing the effects of their weight

Front 12

The layer of the atmosphere next to the ground is the _________. The layer that extends into space is the _______.

Back 12

Troposphere, Thermosphere

Front 13

Convection is caused by _____________.

Back 13

warm air rising and cold air flowing in to replace it

Front 14

A monsoon is _________________.

Back 14

a local seasonal weather pattern that causes winters to be very dry

Front 15

There are __ gyres found in _____________.

Back 15

5, each major ocean basin

Front 16

A countercurrent is a ____________. An undercurrent is a _________________.

Back 16

Opposite direction of adjacent current, Current that runs in opposite direction and beneath a surface current

Front 17

Without currents, the world's climates would be __________.

Back 17

more extreme

Front 18

The theory of continental drift says that ___________________________.

Back 18

all of the continents were once one continent that broke up and drifted apart over hundreds of millions of years ago

Front 19

Sonar contributed to information about the ocean bottom by ________ _________________.

Back 19

giving scientists a way to map the bottom terrain

Front 20

According to the theory of seafloor spreading, new seafloor __________ due to ________________.

Back 20

Emerges from the rift valley, Magma pushing up from the asthenosphere

Front 21

According to the theory of plate tectonics, over the next millions of years _______________.

Back 21

a new ocean will form in the East Africa Rift Valley

Front 22

The ozone layer is vital to life on Earth because _______________.

Back 22

it protects us from ultraviolet radiation

Front 23

ENSO events seem to correlate with ________________.

Back 23

coral bleaching

Front 24

Scientists estimate that about __% of the world's coral reefs has been destroyed.

Back 24

25

Front 25

So far, radioactive material has _________________.

Back 25

no noted widespread effects ok marine life

Front 26

Heated water can be a pollutant because ___________________.

Back 26

raises temperature above tolerance of organisms

Front 27

The Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act granted the US federal government the power to ___________________.

Back 27

designate coastal zones for research, protection, and recreation

Front 28

What is salinity?

Back 28

all the inorganic dissolved solids in seawater

Front 29

Aside from hydrogen and oxygen, the most abundant chemical in seawater is ____________.

Back 29

chloride

Front 30

____________ transport is the movement of materials through diffusion. _______________ transport requires energy to move materials from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.

Back 30

Passive, Active

Front 31

Heat is ________________________, and temperature is ____________________.

Back 31

Kinetic energy in random movement or vibration of individual atoms and molecules in a substance,Measure of how fast molecules and atoms in a substance move(vibrate)

Front 32

Heat capacity is _____________________.

Back 32

how much heat energy it takes to raise one gram of a substance 2°C

Front 33

Water becomes ______________ as it freezes. This is _____________ most substances.

Back 33

Less dense, Different from

Front 34

Low temperature and high salinity make make seawater _______ dense.

Back 34

more

Front 35

The surface zone accounts for approximately __ percent of the ocean's volume.

Back 35

2

Front 36

Particles in water _________ light, and water ____________ light, turning it into heat.

Back 36

Absorb and scatter, Absorbs

Front 37

Sounds travels through water __________ in air.

Back 37

about x5 faster than

Front 38

Air is about __% nitrogen.

Back 38

78

Front 39

About _% of the sunlight that reaches the top of the atmosphere is absorbed by the Earth's surface.

Back 39

50

Front 40

The Coriolis Effect is caused by _____ ___________.

Back 40

rotation of the Earth

Front 41

Cyclones form where _______________ ________________.

Back 41

wind is drawn into a low-pressure area at the Earth's surface, forming a spiral pattern

Front 42

Gyres are called __________ currents. The tend to flow ____________________ ___________________.

Back 42

Geostrophic, Clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere an counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere

Front 43

An undercurrent runs _________ an adjacent current. The reason why it forms is _______.

Back 43

Beneath, Unclear

Front 44

The ocean conveyer belt is important because __________________.

Back 44

redistributes heat and moderates Earth's climate

Front 45

Pangaea is the theorized ____________ __________. Panthalassa is the theorized ___________________.

Back 45

Single continent hundreds of millions of years ago, Single sea surrounded it

Front 46

A ______________ is an underwater mountain range with a ______________ running through the center of it.

Back 46

Mid-century ridge, Rift valley

Front 47

One primary force that scientists think causes plates to move is ____________.

Back 47

convection

Front 48

Most likely, the only real solution to the global warming problem is _____ _______________.

Back 48

to develop cost-effective alternatives to fossil fuels

Front 49

According to estimates, more than __% of mangroves has been destroyed

Back 49

50

Front 50

Practices destructive to coral associated with capturing fish and fishing include _____________________ _______________.

Back 50

using dynamite and toxic substances to stun fish

Front 51

Oil affects the environment by ______ ____________________________.

Back 51

changing organism behaviors contaminating food, fish, and sinking to the bottom

Front 52

______________ cause(s) eutrophication.

Back 52

Nutrients and Fertilizers

Front 53

Plastics enter the marine environment primarily ______________.

Back 53

by being dumped or lost there