Ms 200 Final

Front 1

Pulmonary Embolism

Back 1

Clot broken loose from a deep vein in the leg, venous stasis, predisposition to clot formation

Front 2

Pulmonary Edema

Back 2

Fluid shift into the extravascular spaces of the lungs.

dyspnea, cough, bloody/frothy sputum

Front 3

Sinusitis

Back 3

Acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses

Front 4

Cystic Fibrosis

Back 4

Copius thick & sticky mucous, dry cough, dyspnea, large bulky BM's

Front 5

Epistaxis (nosebleed)

Back 5

Cold, infection, trauma, underlying disease (HTN, leukemia)

Front 6

URI (common cold)

Back 6

Almost 200 viruses & mycoplasma

Front 7

Emphysema

Back 7

Destructive changes in the alveolar walls & irreversible enlargement of the alveolar air spaces

Barrel chest

Front 8

COPD

Back 8

Encompasses bronchitis, bronchiectasis, asthma, emphysema, & pneumoconiosis

Front 9

Mononucleosis

Back 9

Epstein - Barr Virus (EBV)

Front 10

Asthma

Back 10

Bronchial tubes are hyperactive & hypersensitive

Front 11

BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)

Back 11

Difficulity in starting urination, a weak stream of urine, or inability to empty the bladder completely. Urinary frequency, including nocturia

Front 12

Prostate Cancer

Back 12

PSA level, DRE, biopsy

Front 13

Testicular Cancer

Back 13

Painless swelling of one testicle

Front 14

Breast Cancer

Back 14

Risk factors: family hx, over 50, never pregnant or pregnant after 35, early menarche or menopause after 50

Front 15

Cervical Cancer

Back 15

Biggest risk factor developing this cancer is lack of regular PAP smears (this is a preventable cancer).

HPV DNA is detected in more than 90% of invasive cervical cancers

Front 16

Preeclampsia

Back 16

Weight gain, edema, HTN, protein in the urine

Front 17

Eclampsia

Back 17

Extreme HTN induced grand mal seizure, confusion, disorientation

Front 18

Ovarian Cancer

Back 18

Accounts for more deaths than any other gynecologic malignancy

Front 19

Genital Herpes

Back 19

No cure, prescription drugs are available to reduce the duration & frequency of outbreaks, acyclovir, valacyclovir

Front 20

Syphilis

Back 20

Chronic, systemic, sexually transmitted infection that consists of 4 stages

Begins with the presence of a painless but highly contagious local lesion called a chancre

Front 21

Gonorrhea

Back 21

Purulent discharge, dysuria, up to 50% of men are asymptomatic, can lead to PID, septicemia, septic arthritis

Front 22

Endometriosis

Back 22

Chronic condition characterized by extrauterine endometrial tissue

Front 23

Chlamydia

Back 23

Silent STD, often has no symptoms, thick vaginal & penal discharge, burning sensation, itching, abdominal pain

Front 24

PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)

Back 24

Foul smelling vaginal discharge, painful, tender abdomen, complications include pelvic adhesions, ectopic pregnancy, peritonitis, & septicemia. Main cause of infertility.

Initial infection usuallyu started by an STD, usually chlamydia

Front 25

Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrosis)

Back 25

Encompasses a group of symptoms sometimes referred to as the protein-losing kidney

Front 26

Wilm's Tumor

Back 26

Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that affects children younger than 5 years. It is the most common kidney tumor of childhood.

Front 27

Neurogenic Bladder

Back 27

Insult to the brain, spinal cord, or the nerves, trauma or disease.

Front 28

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Back 28

Slowly progressive & irreversible disorder in which normal renal tissue is replaced with multiple grape like cysts. Renal failure.

Lumbar pain, abdominal pain, hematuria, hypertension, can lead to kidney failure

Front 29

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Back 29

Proteinuria, edema, decreased urine volume, hematuria, HTN, HA

Follows an infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, idiopathic

Abnormal UA, blood tests, KUB x-ray

Front 30

Flail Chest

Back 30

A double fracture of 3 or more adjacent ribs resulting in instability

Front 31

Pneumothorax

Back 31

A collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, resulting in a collapsed lung

Front 32

Hemoptysis

Back 32

Coughing up of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or airway. Primary importance is to find the source of bleeding

Front 33

Deviated Septum

Back 33

Can increase tendency for sinusitis, compormised air passage, cosmetic concern

Front 34

Nasal Polyps

Back 34

Growth that form from the mucous membrane. Patient exhibits signs of sinusitis

Front 35

Peptic Ulcer

Back 35

Indigestion, epigastric pain, H-pylori

Front 36

Appendicitis

Back 36

RLQ pain @ McBurney's point, ultrasound, appendectomy

Front 37

Addison's Disease

Back 37

Adrenal insufficiency with progressive destructionof the adrenal cortex.

hypotension, weight loss, bronze skin, mental disturbance, dehydration

Front 38

Acromegaly

Back 38

Chronic metabolic condition of adults (age 30-40) caused by hypersecretion of GH.

Overgrowth of soft tissue, coarse facial hair, jaw protusion, voice deepens, skin thickens

Front 39

Cushing's Syndrome

Back 39

Chronic hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex

Buffalo hump, moon face, increased body & facial hair, weight gain

Front 40

Grave's Disease

Back 40

Heat intolerance, weight loss, exophthalmos, high metabolism, rapid heart rate, goiter

Front 41

Diabetes Insipidus

Back 41

Deficiency in release of ADH by the pituitary gland

Front 42

Diabetes Mellitus 1

Back 42

Onset before age 30

More severe, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss

insulin injections, change diet & exercise

Front 43

Diabetes Mellitus 2

Back 43

Onset in adults older than 30

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, vision changes, slow healing,

change diet & exercise

Front 44

Brain Hematoma

Back 44

Mass of blood between skull & duramater

Front 45

Colorectal Cancer

Back 45

Early signs are vague & nonspecific

Front 46

Bronchiectasis

Back 46

Permanent irreversible dialation of the bronchi, from destruction of muscular bronchi wall

Front 47

Cirrhosis

Back 47

Chronic alcoholism

Front 48

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

Back 48

abnormal presence of calculi that form in the bile.

RUQ pain after fatty meals

Front 49

Atelectasis

Back 49

A collapse of lung tissue affecting part or all of one lung. Resulting from obstruction, inactivity, failure to breathe deep, post-op

Front 50

Crohn's Disease

Back 50

Chronic diarrhea

BE, colonoscopy

Azulfadine

Front 51

Muscular Dystrophy

Back 51

Progressive degeneration & weakening of the skeletal muscles

Front 52

Diverticulosis/itis

Back 52

Acute inflammation of small pouch like herniations in the intestinal wall

Front 53

Severed Tendon

Back 53

Immediate severe pain, inflammation & immobility of affected part

Front 54

Fibromyalgia

Back 54

Pain @ 18 specific tender points

Front 55

Hallux Valgus (bunion)

Back 55

Enlargement of the inner portion of the metatarsophalangeal joint at the base of the big toe

Front 56

GERD

Back 56

Causes abdominal discomfort indigestion & regurgitation

Burping that expresses vomit into the mouth

Barium swallow, endoscopy

omeprazole

Front 57

Peritonitis

Back 57

Inflammation of the peritoneum, acute or chronic, local & general

Toxic exudates leads to septicemia, shock & death from trauma

Front 58

Osteoarthritis (OA)

Back 58

Chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of bones & joints caused by degenerative changes in the cartilage

Front 59

Lyme Disease

Back 59

Tick carrying bacteria

Front 60

Gout

Back 60

Chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism

Elevated uric acid in the blood & synovial fluid of joints

Front 61

Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

Back 61

Joint pain, butterfly rash

Front 62

Osteoporosis

Back 62

Spontaneous bone fracture (silent disease), DEXA scan (bone scan)

Front 63

Dislocation

Back 63

Forcible displacement of a bone from it's joint

Front 64

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Back 64

Inflammation & edema of the synovial membrane around a joint

Goal is to decrease inflammation & pain, preserve joint function & prevent deformity

Front 65

Strain

Back 65

Pull injured tendon, muscle from overuse, overstretching

Front 66

Sprain

Back 66

Twist acute partial tear of a ligament

Front 67

Rotator Cuff Tear

Back 67

Unable to abduct arm

Acute trauma, degenerative changes

Front 68

Fracture (fx)

Back 68

Open or Compound - break with opening in skin

Greenstick - most common in children

Comminuted - bone splinter

Colles - common fx of the wrist

Impacted - one end is wedged into the end of adjoining bone

Front 69

Insulin Reaction

Back 69

Insulin shock

caused by to much insulin, delayed meal, excessive exercise

Front 70

Diabetic Coma

Back 70

Caused by undiagnosed diabetes, skipped insulin dose, excessive food, infection, stress

Hyperglycemia, thirst, N/V, dry skin, drowsiness, lethargy, fruity breath

Front 71

Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSD)

Back 71

Delays response to an external traumatic event that produces S&S of extreme distress

Front 72

Depression

Back 72

despair, hopelessness, sleeping problems, impaired thinking or concentration, appetite changes, fatigue

Amitriptyline, Lorazepam, Aprazolam (schedule 4), Paroxetine, Fluoxetine, seteraline, electroconvulvise therapy, pschotherapy

Front 73

Stages of Grief

Back 73

1 - denial
2 - anger
3 - bargaining
4 - depression
5 - acceptance

Front 74

Alzheimer's Disease

Back 74

Short term memory loss, inability to concentrate changes in social skills & personality

Front 75

Dementia

Back 75

Progressive general deterioration of mental faculties

Front 76

Schizophrenia

Back 76

Distortions of perception, emotions, & thoughts. Bizarre behavior

Front 77

Bipolar Disorder

Back 77

Major affective disorder with mood swings from hyperactive or manic to depression

Front 78

Anxiety

Back 78

Common form of psychological disorder such as phobias, OCD, & PTSD

Front 79

Human Papillomavirus HPV

Back 79

Most commonly assosciated with cervical cancer

Front 80

Hodgkin's Disease

Back 80

Painless enlargement of lymph nodes, severe itching, fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue

Front 81

Hemophilia

Back 81

Hereditary, bleeding resulting from deficiency of clotting factors

Front 82

Leukemia

Back 82

Weight loss, fever, night sweats, fatigue, bone/joint pain, swollen lymph glands

Front 83

Shock

Back 83

Pale, cold, clammy skin, rapid & weak pulse, tachypnea, altered LOC

Front 84

Rheumatic Fever

Back 84

Group A streptococcus

Front 85

Aneurysm

Back 85

Pulsating mass in mid abdomen indicate aortic, bruit on auscultation, US, CT, MRI

Front 86

Angina

Back 86

Chest pain with exertion

Front 87

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Back 87

Sudden severe left side chest pain, SOB, irregular heartbeat, diaphoresis, nausea, anxiety, denial

Front 88

Hypertension (HTN)

Back 88

Malignant can cause sudden severe HA, blurred vision, dyspnea

Front 89

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Back 89

Distended neck veins, enlarged heart, edema, anxiety

Hydralazine, Lanoxin (digitalis), nifedipine, furosemide, Bumex

Front 90

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Back 90

Angioplasty - balloon threaded into the artery to compact plaque

Front 91

Raynaud's Disease

Back 91

Vasopastic condition of the fingers, hands, or feet

Causes pain, numbness & discoloration of fingers, hands, or feet

Front 92

Pericarditis

Back 92

Acute or chronic inflammation of the sac enclosing the heart (pericardium)

Front 93

Varicose Veins

Back 93

Rest & elevation, exercise & support hose, surgery

Front 94

Anemia

Back 94

Reduction in the quanity of RBCs or Hgb. Different types of anemia - iron defeciency, folic acid defeciency, aplastic, sickle cell, hemorrhagic, hemolytic & pernicious

Inadequate levels of B12

Front 95

Myasthenia Gravis

Back 95

Extreme muscular weakness without atrophy, progressive fatigue, drooping eyelids, difficulty talking, swallowing, & chewing

Front 96

Parkinson's Disease

Back 96

Slowly progressive neurologic

"pill-rolling" tremor, shuffling gait, mask like face

Neurologic exam

Levodopa/carbidopa, amantadine, diphenhydramine

Front 97

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Back 97

Inflammatory disease of the CNS

Spinal tap, MRI

Marinol, muscle relaxants, clonazepam, gabapentin

No cure

Front 98

Meningitis

Back 98

Inflammation of the meninges

Lumbar puncture, CSF culture

ABX, phenytoin, phenobarbitol, can cause swelling of brain, become systemic

Front 99

Tendon

Back 99

Attaches muscles to bones

Front 100

Ligament

Back 100

Attaches bones to bones

Front 101

Cerebro Vascular Attack (CVA)

Back 101

Sudden severe HA, sudden dysphagia, sudden weakness & numbnesson one side of the body, confusion

CT, MRI

streptokinase, warfarin, ASA

Front 102

Trans Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Back 102

Sudden weakness & numbness down one side of body, dizziness, dysphagia, confusion

Angiogram, CT, MRI, EEG
streptokinase, warfarin, ASA

Front 103

Concussion

Back 103

LOC less than 5 minutes

Front 104

Contusion

Back 104

LOC greater than 5 minutes to coma

Front 105

Migraine

Back 105

May be completely incapacitating & almost always accompanied by other symptoms.

HA, N/V, aura, photophobia, sensitivity to noise & smell

CT, EEG

Naratriptan, Sumatriptan, Rizatriptan

Front 106

Epilepsy

Back 106

Chronic brain disorder characterized by sudden episodes of abnormal intense electrical activity in the brain

Involuntary activity of muscle contractions. Partial seizures (petit mal), to grand mal seizures (tonic-clonic)

EEG

Phenytoin, carbamazepine, depakote, phenobarbital, gabapentin, clonazepam

Front 107

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Back 107

Most prevalent form of cancer worldwide

Front 108

Malignant Melanoma

Back 108

Most serious type of skin cancer

Front 109

Cellulitis (Erysipelas)

Back 109

Immobilization, elevate, warm compress, systemic ABX

Front 110

Decubitis Ulcer

Back 110

Localized area of dead skin, can affect all skin tissues

Visual exam

Front 111

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Back 111

One of the most common skin disorders, inflammation of the sebaceous or oil glands. Cradle cap in infants

Front 112

Eczema

Back 112

Tends to occur in patients with a family hx of allergic reactions

Front 113

Psoriasis

Back 113

Remission & exacerbation may require lifetime treatment

Thick, flakey, red patches, covered with white silvery scales

Front 114

Herpes Zoster

Back 114

Acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of painful vesicles

Vesicles in a band like, unilateral pattern along peripheral nerves or dermatomes, burning or tingling pain

Front 115

Impetigo

Back 115

Vesicular or pustular lesions with a honey crust