Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What techniques do we use for supra and sub gingival deposits? |
manual scaling procedures
ultrasonic |
|
|
The action of pathogenic microorganisms in dental biofilm can result in..... |
gingival inflammation
periodontal destruction (mild/moderate/severe) |
|
|
Thin and located in the cervical third of the root |
Cementum |
|
|
Can cementum be removed during instrumentation? |
some or all can be removed |
|
|
T/F excess removal and vigorous root planing is necessary |
FALSE |
|
|
What type of surface do we want to prevent microorganisms from collecting and colonizing? |
smooth |
|
|
What actually causes the inflammation in the gingiva?? |
the irregular surfaces provide a nest for the bacteria of the biofilm to collect and multiply |
|
|
What must be removed to provide a healing environment for the periodontal tissues? |
Calculus |
|
|
What are some of the main outcomes or aims? |
interrupt or stop the disease progress
create an environment that encourages the tissue to heal and the inflammation to be resolved
induce positive changes in the quality and quantity of the subgingival bacterial flora |
|
|
Prior to instrumentation what types of micro flora are in the mouth? |
anarobic, gram negative motile forms
*many spirochetes/rods/many leukocytes (high counts of all types microorganisms) |
|
|
After instrumentation what types of micro flora are in the mouth? |
aerobic, gram-positive, non motile, coccoid forms with lowered total counts and fewer leukocytes |
|
|
What is the usual perio maintenance care protocall? |
recall every 6 months |
|
|
What does the dental hygiene diagnosis determine? |
The course of treatment |
|
|
The needs of the individual patient are identified through.... |
Patient assessment |
|
|
What does the word etiologic mean? |
plaque |
|
|
How long after the initial scaling should the healing allow for restoration of the clinical attachment permitting probing |
2 weeks |
|
|
T/F Gross scaling is no longer recommended |
TRUE *due to problems that may develop and will compromise the patients health and interfere with good outcomes. |
|
|
What happens with incomplete scaling.... |
if we don't fully scale deep enough the gingival will tighten and appear normal, but deep calculus and biofilm will remain, and probing depths and bleeding points will remain the same.
Will be hard to instrument in the future because of tight gingiva, less access |
|
|
Where are sickles used? |
Anteriorly |
|
|
How much does scaling remove? |
Removes 90% of deposits |
|
|
What is scaling? |
removal of calculus and dental biofilm from the supragingival and subgingival exposed root surfaces |
|
|
What is happening with a heavier lateral pressure (secure fulcrum) |
scaling |
|
|
What type of strokes are used in scaling? |
short strokes |
|
|
What is root plannning? |
removal of all residual calculus and toxic materials from the root to produce a clean smooth tooth surface.
(debridement, root detoxification, and root preparation) |
|
|
What type of strokes are use in root planning? |
finishing strokes
*we are smoothing root surfaces..debridement of heavy calculus already happened* |
|
|
What is the main stroke used in instrumentation? |
Verticle |
|
|
What are the finishing strokes? |
horizontal strokes finish and smooth |
|
|
What is the instrumentation zone? |
area of the tooth where instrumentation is performed for scaling and root planning
root or the tooth |
|
|
What is burnished calculus? |
smoothed but not retrieved difficult to detect |
|
|
What are so awesome about gracey curettes? |
They allow the clinician to gain access to root surfaces within periodontal pockets without trauma to the pocket epithelium |
|
|
What is an area specific curet? |
each of the instruments are designed to scale specific areas of the mouth |
|
|
How was the design originally...and what did it change to? |
They were originally push instruments
How they are PULL instruments |
|
|
Anterior Sextant Graceys |
1-2, 3-4 |
|
|
Anterior Sextants and premolar teeth |
5-6 |
|
|
Buccal and Lingual surfaces of premolars and molars |
7-8 |
|
|
Buccal and lingual surfaces of molars |
9-10 |
|
|
mesial surfaces of posterior teeth |
gracey 11-12 |
|
|
distal surfaces of posterior teeth |
13-14 |
|
|
What is the degree of angulation for the gracey curette from the face of the blade to the lower shank |
60-70 degrees |
|
|
What is the degree of angulation for the universal curette between the face of the blade and the shank? |
90 degree angle |
|
|
What is so advantageous about the angulation of the gracey? |
it provides perfect working angulation (parallel to the tooth) |
|
|
The gracey blade is placed at a ____ Degree angle against the tooth? |
40 degree |
|
|
How many blades does the gracey curette have? |
2! BUUUUTTTT, only one cutting edge on any Gracey blade is designed for instrumentation. |
|
|
How many working blades does the uni curette have? |
2, and they are parallel to one another |
|
|
How do we determine the correct cutting edge of a gracey? |
hold the blade face up and parallel to the floor |
|
|
What is the cutting edge of the Gracey? |
The larger outer curve is always the correct cutting edge |
|
|
What part of the Gracey is in contact with the tooth during instrumentation? |
the lower third or half of the gracey blade |
|
|
What is different about the rigid shank of a gracey? |
It doesn't diminish tactile sensitivity, it enhances control and energy needed to make any direction of stroke under any degree of pressure |
|
|
How does an ABSCESS develop? |
Healing after partial instrumentation, the tissue at the gingival margin tightens, the pocket closes, and microorganisms multiply |
|
|
What type of instrumentation are we doing with a light grasp and light lateral pressure after calculus removal? |
Finishing (ROOT PLANNING) |
|
|
What are we doing with a firm and secure grasp during calculus removal? |
SCALING |
|
|
What part of the curet blade is used most requently |
The toe and the middle third |
|
|
What is the optimal angle for scaling |
a 70 degree angle *effective for deposit removal using a scaler or curet. |
|
|
What does the degree of pressure (light/moderate/heavy) depend upon when scaling? |
the nature of the calculus (light/mod/heavy) |
|
|
How is the balance during strokes accomplished by? |
balance between the grasp of the instrument, the pressure on the finger rest and the lateral pressure against the tooth. (those 3 things) |
|
|
What does a sharp instrument prevent? |
fatigue for both patient and the clinician |
|
|
What should bare the weight during the stroke? |
The wrist and the arm |
|
|
What work together as a continuum to activate the instrument? |
hand, wrist, and arm |
|
|
What types of strokes are used for what situations |
longer strokes with reduced pressure for smoother surfaces (finishing)
Shorter and smooth and decisive strokes for accommodation of cutting edges |
|
|
What has substantivity |
chlorohexadine (last longer, dont take with food/drink) |
|
|
Successful eval of the treatment can not be done until _______ after the initial scaling and root planning has been completed. |
2 weeks |
|
|
what do we compare from appointments |
bleeding points, and probing depths |
|
|
What is NUG AND NUP |
acute, inflammatory, destructive diseases of the periodontium. |
|
|
What is a characteristic of ANUG |
fetid order, gray pseaudomembrane |
|
|
What are the types of organisms that are present with ANUG? |
fusiform bacillus treponema vincentii |
|
|
What is NUP? |
necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis Destructive infection of periodontal tissues with ulceration of interdental papillae cratering of interdental bone and soft tissue, and clinical attachment loss. |
|
|
An increase in NUG/NUP has been diagnosed in ______ patients/ |
HIV positive patients |
|
|
What is a result of untreated NUP |
orofacial gangrenous necrosis (cancrum oris NOMA) |
|
|
What are the bacteria in ANUG |
fuso-spirochetes complex (spiros are the main invader) |
|
|
What are the species that are the precursor to perio disease? |
prevotella intermedia, porphyromonas gingivalis, and fusobacterium |
|
|
What cells contribute to the PUS in a Fistula? |
PMNS : defense cells that are sent in large numbers. |
|
|
What is the drug of choice for an abscess? |
penicillin K |
|
|
the |
end |
