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32 Cards in this Set

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2. Why do you have genes from both your mother and your father? (Short Answer)
You receive 1/2 of your genes from your mother and 1/2 from your father so we are not a clone of either one.
Define adaptation.
Characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment
27. According to Darwin, what is the key to natural selection?
Successful reproduction
28. According to natural selection, what are three things organisms that are adapted to their environment likely to do?
1. Survive
2. Reproduce
3. Pass traits on to the next generation
29. Dark peppered moths became more abundant than light peppered moths in 1850. Why?
Because of industrialization, tree trunk color, and natural selection
31. Define heredity.
Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
21. Define species.
A group of organisms that can mate with each other to produce fertile offspring
22. Genes code for both __________ traits and _____________ traits.
Dominant and recessive
24. How do the principles of natural selection help explain why there are more deaths among babies with low birth weight than among babies with average birth weights? (Short Answer)
Human babies are best adapted to survive at an average birth weight of 7 pounds.
15. Name three things that adaptations can include.
1. Behaviors for finding food
2. Structures for protecting oneself
3. Behaviors for mating
16. People produced the large corn we eat today through what process?
Selective breeding
17. T or F
Charles Darwin observed that the animals and plants on the Galapagos Islands were identical to the animals and plants on the nearby S. American mainland.
False. They were SIMILAR to but NOT IDENTICAL to them.
18. What are some of the traits that have been exaggerated through selective breeding in dogs? (Short Answer)
Length of coat, height of legs, thin or muscular build of body
19. What do insects develop that can make them increasingly harder to control?
genetic resistance
20. What is natural selection?
The principle of natural selection says that organisms that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
9. What is the change in an organism's hereditary information called?
Mutation
10. What is the color of your hair,the kind of blood cells you make, and many other characteristics determined by?
DNA
11. What is the development of resistance among bacteria exposed to an antibiotic an example of?
Natural Selection
12. What is the hereditary material in cells that is passed on as cells divide?
DNA
13. What is the passing of brown eyes from parents to children an example of?
Heredity
14. What is the relationship between genes and heredity? (Short Answer)
Heredity is the result of the passing on of genes.
3. What is the theory of evolution?
The theory that inherited characteristics change in a population over time.
4. What process was the different colors of apples produced through?
Selective breeding
5. What process was the length of fur among dog breeds developed through?
Selective breeding
6. What theory did Mendel develop?
Theory of Inheritance
7. What traits changed in the Galapagos finches as they adapted to the different islands?(Short Answer)
The finches beaks adapted to the different ways the birds get food.
8. What was the change in the peppered moth in response to pollution an example of?
Natural Selection
1. What were the differences Darwin observed in the population of finches probably due to?
Mutations
30. Define adaptation.
Characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment
23. Give 3 examples of traits that can change through selective breeding.
1. The size of a farm animal
2. The number of petals on a flower
3. The color of a cat's fur
25. In selective breeding, humans may decide that they would like a dog's fluffy tail or a flower's red petals to be passed on to the next generation. What are some changes in traits that can happen through natural selection? (Short Answer)
An animal species might become larger, run faster, or become resistant to disease. A plant species might become larger, have bright flowers, or survive in extreme climates.
26. Individuals that are not well ____________ to their envirnment are not likely to survive and produce offspring.
Adapted