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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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describe the two types of leprosy. which one will have a granuloma in the nerve? which one will have more general bacterial infection?
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Tuberculoid leprosy will have granulomas in the nerve. this is a good sign, as the T cells have halted the infection.
Lepromatous Leprosy will have more widespread neural infection by bacilli, due to the Th2 response which is not as proinflammatory as the Th1 response seen in TL. -both will have enlarged nerves (more systemic in LL) |
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diabetic nephropathy: how many pts will get this after 25yrs w/ diabetes?
-what is the pathophys? |
-50% pts get it after 25 yrs
-it's a small vessel disease - the arterioles w/in the nerve fascicle become sclerotic. lose pain sensation - distally first |
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what is werdnig hoffman disease
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infantile spinal muscular atrophy
-floppy baby |
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what are the pathophys and clinical difs b/w polymyositis and dermatomyositis? what titres are high?
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polymyositis - intrafascicular inflammation. pain
dermatomyositis - extrafascicular inflammation. pain + rash on face. -Abs: ANA, anti-Jo-1 |
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how do congenital myopathies differ from muscular dystrophies?
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congenital myopathies are fixed, non-progressive disorders, present at birth
MD will progress and not present until a few years old |
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what does phosphofructokinase do? how does someone deficient in it present? why is this interesting
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third step in glycolysis -F1P to F1,6P. deficiency - weakness/cramps upon exercise. this shows that cells like RBC and sk. mm. can survive relatively normally via oxidation of FFA only
-the disease is called Glycogen storage disease VII |
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what is pompe's disease?
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glycogen storage disease II. deficient acid maltase gene, which breaks down glycogen in lysosomes (an alternate pathway for glycogenolysis)
-presents w/ cardiomegaly -presents earlier than other GSDs. baby is FLOPPY. dies by 2 yrs old. |
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what is McArdle's disease
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Glycogen Storage Disease V. no Glycogen Phosphorylase, which normally begins the breakdown of glycogen.
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type 2 atrophy of muscle, or non-neurogenic atrophy, can be seen when?
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disuse, chronic disease, corticosteroid use
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loss of large motor unit nerves vs loss of few motor units: what will happen
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loss of major motor nerve: muscle atrophy
loss of motor unit - its muscle fibers will atrophy, but neighboring nerves (which may be the opposite type, 1 or 2) can innervate it and change it's muscle type = fiber type grouping |
