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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The ___ is the average weight of all the atoms of an element.
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Atomic Weight
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The ___ is the number of protons + neutrons in an atom.
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Mass Number
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The ___ is the number of protons in an atom.
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Atomic Number
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___ is the mass of an atom or particle as compared to an atom of carbon-12.
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Atomic Mass
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The ___ are the sets (the rows) of elements on the Periodic Table that have the same number of electron shells and the same shell as their valence shell.
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Peroids - Series
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The ___ are sets (columns) of elements on the Periodic Table that have similar chemical and physical properties and have the same valence shell electron configuration (same number of valence electrons.
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Families - Groups
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___ are negatively charged particles that are formed by giving atoms extra electrons.
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Anions
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___ are positively charged particles that are formed by taking electrons away from atoms.
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Cations
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___ are different forms of the same element in the same physical phase.
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Allotropes
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A(n) ___ is a characteristic pattern of light given off by the atoms of an element when its electron lose energy and fall to a lower energy state.
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Bright Line Spectrum
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___ is a measure of an atom's tendency to attract shared electrons.
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Electronegativity
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A(n) is a full set of eight electrons in the valence shell of an atom.
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Octet
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The ___ is half the distance between two nuclei that are bonded together.
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Atomic Radius
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A(n) ___ is a small part of the atom where an electron is most likely to be found.
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Orbital
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___ means that two particles or species have the same number and distribution of electrons.
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Isoelectronic
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___ are a variety of atom identified by their number of protons and neutrons.
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nuclides
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___ are particles given off during radioactive decay that consist of two protons and two neutrons.
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alpha particles
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___ are particles given off during radioactive decay that consist of electrons shot out of the nucleus.
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beta particles
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___ are high energy electromagnetic radiation given off during radioactive decay.
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gamma rays
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___ are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons; but different numbers of neutrons.
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isotopes
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The ___ is the canceling out some of the attraction of the positive nucleus by inside electrons.
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Shielding Effect
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The ___ states that it is impossible to determine the speed and the location of an electron at the same time.
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Heisenburg's Uncertainty Principle
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The ___ states that two electrons in the same atom can not have exactly the same set of quantum numbers.
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Pauli Exclusion Principle
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The ___ is the number of bonds an atom will normally form.
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Bonding Capacity
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___ states that given a set of orbitals of equal energy; each orbital in that set must have one electron, before any of those orbitals can have a second electron.
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Hund's Rule
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The ___ is the outermost electron shell or energy level for an atom.
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Valence Shell
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The ___ states that each orbital can hold at most two electrons and if it has two electrons; those electrons must have opposite spins.
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Pauli Exclusion Principle
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The ___ states that electrons will fill positions in an atom starting with lowest energy and moving up to higher energy states.
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Aufbau Principle
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The ___ is the state in which all the electrons in an atom are in the lowest energy levels available.
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Ground State
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The ___ is the state in which some of the electrons in an atom are in an energy state higher than the lowest energy levels available.
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Excited State
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The ___ is a list of all the different types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency.
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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___ are the subatomic particles that have been found to make up even protons and neutrons. Currently there are six "flavors" with three "colors".
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Quarks
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The ___ is the number of waves generated in a specific period of time.
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Frequency
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___ is the energy associated with adding an extra electron to an atom.
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Electron Affinity
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___ is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
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Ionization Energy
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___ is a theory that is used to describe the geometry of molecules. It uses the mutual repulsion of electron pairs around the central atom.
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VSEPR Model (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model)
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A(n) ___ is a type of chemical bond in which one atom donates both of the electrons to be shared.
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Coordinate Covalent Bond
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___ is a type of chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
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Ionic Bond
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___ is a type of chemical bond formed by the sharing of pairs of electrons between two atoms.
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Covalent Bond
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A(n) ___ occurs when there is an unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms that share them. The result will be that one side of the bond will be at least slightly positive and the other side will be slightly negative.
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Polar (covalent) Bond
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According to the ___: Atoms will tend to form bonds in order have a set of eight electrons in their valence shell.
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Octet Rule
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___ occurs when there is more than one correct way of representing the bonding in a molecule. The real situation will be a blend or average of all correct possibilities.
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Resonance
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___ is the energy released from the attraction between a gaseous cation and a gaseous anion to form an ionic compound.
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Lattice Energy
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___ is the regular arrangement of ions in a solid.
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Lattice Structure
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A(n) ___ is a solid with a regular internal structure of repeating units having a characteristic angle between their faces.
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Crystalline Solid
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According to the ___: The chemical and physical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
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Periodic Law
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Four Key Statements of Atomic Theory
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1) All matter is made up of atoms, which are indestructible by ordinary means.
2) All atoms of a given element have similar properties. 3) Atoms of different elements have different chemical properties. 4) Atoms of different elements can chemically combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds. |
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___ is a partial magnetic attraction caused by electrons that spin the same way as the atoms magnetic field.
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paramagnetic
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___ are the laws of physics according to newton,
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Classical mechanics
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--- is a link or association formed between two atoms that is usually caused by the transfer or sharing of electrons
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chemical bond
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___ are solids with no regular, repeating pattern in their structure.
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Amorphous solids
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___ is the ratio between the charge and the mass of an electron.
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Charge to Mass ratio
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___ are particles of light.
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Photons
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___ is small, definite, discrete packets of energy
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Quanta
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the electrons are shared equally in a _____
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non polar covalent bond
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___ is a measure of the intensity of the wave.
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Amplitude
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___ is the distance between one part of a wave and the exact same part on the next wave.
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Wavelength
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___ are particles of light.
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Photons
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___ is small, definite, discrete packets of energy
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Quanta
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the electrons are shared equally in a _____
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non polar covalent bond
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___ is a measure of the intensity of the wave.
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Amplitude
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___ is the distance between one part of a wave and the exact same part on the next wave.
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Wavelength
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___ are particles of light.
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Photons
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___ is small, definite, discrete packets of energy
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Quanta
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the electrons are shared equally in a _____
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non polar covalent bond
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___ is a measure of the intensity of the wave.
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Amplitude
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___ is the distance between one part of a wave and the exact same part on the next wave.
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Wavelength
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___ are the electrons that are in the valence shell.
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Valence electrons
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___ is an acid compound that has hydrogen, oxygen, and one other atom, the oxygen's will go around the central atom and the hydrogens will go around the oxygens.
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oxyacid
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___ particles that make up the nucleus.
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nucleons
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___ particles that make up the atom. (proton, neutron, electron)
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Subatomic Particles
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___ is an electronic device used to make cathode rays
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Crookes' Tube
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___ is the unit of mass = to 1/12 the mass of a Carbon-12 atom.
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Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)
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___ are the regions around the nucleus where electrons are assigned based upon their amount of energy.
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Energy Levels
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___ mathmatical model used to describe location and energy of high energy particles like electrons. Uses Calculus
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Wave Mechanics
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___ mathmatical model used to describe location and energy of high energy particles like electrons.Uses matrix math
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Quantum Mechanics
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___ is the region around the nucleus where electrons can be found.
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Electron Cloud
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___ small positive central core that has almost all the mass in a positive charge.
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Nucleus
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___ is a method of describing the energy and location of the electron in the orbitals of an atom.
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Electron Configuration
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___ is a method of describing the energy and location of the electron in the orbitals of an atom that also includes the spin of an electron
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Orbital Notation
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Set of 4 numbers ranged in sequence which is a method of desribing the energy and location of the electron in the orbitals of an atom.
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Quantum Numbers
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___ is a charged particle made by loosing or gaining an electron.
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Ion
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___ are negative particles
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cathode rays
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____ is a mental picture used to descibe something we cant see.
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Scientific Model
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____ is a mental picture used to descibe something we cant see.
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Scientific Model
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one side of a molechule is positive and the other side is negative
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Polar molechule
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___ is the energy required to break a chemical bond
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Bond Energy
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___ is a device that will seperate charged particles according to their mass.
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Mass Spectrometer
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___ is a negatively charged subatomic particle; a fundamental particle of nature.
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electron
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___ a subatomic particle that has no charge and a mass of one amu.
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neutron
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a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means is a ___
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element
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___ is the smallest particle that retains the characteristic composition of an element.
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atom
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