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92 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The ___ is the average weight of all the atoms of an element.
Atomic Weight
The ___ is the number of protons + neutrons in an atom.
Mass Number
The ___ is the number of protons in an atom.
Atomic Number
___ is the mass of an atom or particle as compared to an atom of carbon-12.
Atomic Mass
The ___ are the sets (the rows) of elements on the Periodic Table that have the same number of electron shells and the same shell as their valence shell.
Peroids - Series
The ___ are sets (columns) of elements on the Periodic Table that have similar chemical and physical properties and have the same valence shell electron configuration (same number of valence electrons.
Families - Groups
___ are negatively charged particles that are formed by giving atoms extra electrons.
Anions
___ are positively charged particles that are formed by taking electrons away from atoms.
Cations
___ are different forms of the same element in the same physical phase.
Allotropes
A(n) ___ is a characteristic pattern of light given off by the atoms of an element when its electron lose energy and fall to a lower energy state.
Bright Line Spectrum
___ is a measure of an atom's tendency to attract shared electrons.
Electronegativity
A(n) is a full set of eight electrons in the valence shell of an atom.
Octet
The ___ is half the distance between two nuclei that are bonded together.
Atomic Radius
A(n) ___ is a small part of the atom where an electron is most likely to be found.
Orbital
___ means that two particles or species have the same number and distribution of electrons.
Isoelectronic
___ are a variety of atom identified by their number of protons and neutrons.
nuclides
___ are particles given off during radioactive decay that consist of two protons and two neutrons.
alpha particles
___ are particles given off during radioactive decay that consist of electrons shot out of the nucleus.
beta particles
___ are high energy electromagnetic radiation given off during radioactive decay.
gamma rays
___ are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons; but different numbers of neutrons.
isotopes
The ___ is the canceling out some of the attraction of the positive nucleus by inside electrons.
Shielding Effect
The ___ states that it is impossible to determine the speed and the location of an electron at the same time.
Heisenburg's Uncertainty Principle
The ___ states that two electrons in the same atom can not have exactly the same set of quantum numbers.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
The ___ is the number of bonds an atom will normally form.
Bonding Capacity
___ states that given a set of orbitals of equal energy; each orbital in that set must have one electron, before any of those orbitals can have a second electron.
Hund's Rule
The ___ is the outermost electron shell or energy level for an atom.
Valence Shell
The ___ states that each orbital can hold at most two electrons and if it has two electrons; those electrons must have opposite spins.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
The ___ states that electrons will fill positions in an atom starting with lowest energy and moving up to higher energy states.
Aufbau Principle
The ___ is the state in which all the electrons in an atom are in the lowest energy levels available.
Ground State
The ___ is the state in which some of the electrons in an atom are in an energy state higher than the lowest energy levels available.
Excited State
The ___ is a list of all the different types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
___ are the subatomic particles that have been found to make up even protons and neutrons. Currently there are six "flavors" with three "colors".
Quarks
The ___ is the number of waves generated in a specific period of time.
Frequency
___ is the energy associated with adding an extra electron to an atom.
Electron Affinity
___ is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
Ionization Energy
___ is a theory that is used to describe the geometry of molecules. It uses the mutual repulsion of electron pairs around the central atom.
VSEPR Model (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model)
A(n) ___ is a type of chemical bond in which one atom donates both of the electrons to be shared.
Coordinate Covalent Bond
___ is a type of chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Ionic Bond
___ is a type of chemical bond formed by the sharing of pairs of electrons between two atoms.
Covalent Bond
A(n) ___ occurs when there is an unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms that share them. The result will be that one side of the bond will be at least slightly positive and the other side will be slightly negative.
Polar (covalent) Bond
According to the ___: Atoms will tend to form bonds in order have a set of eight electrons in their valence shell.
Octet Rule
___ occurs when there is more than one correct way of representing the bonding in a molecule. The real situation will be a blend or average of all correct possibilities.
Resonance
___ is the energy released from the attraction between a gaseous cation and a gaseous anion to form an ionic compound.
Lattice Energy
___ is the regular arrangement of ions in a solid.
Lattice Structure
A(n) ___ is a solid with a regular internal structure of repeating units having a characteristic angle between their faces.
Crystalline Solid
According to the ___: The chemical and physical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
Periodic Law
Four Key Statements of Atomic Theory
1) All matter is made up of atoms, which are indestructible by ordinary means.
2) All atoms of a given element have similar properties.
3) Atoms of different elements have different chemical properties.
4) Atoms of different elements can chemically combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.
___ is a partial magnetic attraction caused by electrons that spin the same way as the atoms magnetic field.
paramagnetic
___ are the laws of physics according to newton,
Classical mechanics
--- is a link or association formed between two atoms that is usually caused by the transfer or sharing of electrons
chemical bond
___ are solids with no regular, repeating pattern in their structure.
Amorphous solids
___ is the ratio between the charge and the mass of an electron.
Charge to Mass ratio
___ are particles of light.
Photons
___ is small, definite, discrete packets of energy
Quanta
the electrons are shared equally in a _____
non polar covalent bond
___ is a measure of the intensity of the wave.
Amplitude
___ is the distance between one part of a wave and the exact same part on the next wave.
Wavelength
___ are particles of light.
Photons
___ is small, definite, discrete packets of energy
Quanta
the electrons are shared equally in a _____
non polar covalent bond
___ is a measure of the intensity of the wave.
Amplitude
___ is the distance between one part of a wave and the exact same part on the next wave.
Wavelength
___ are particles of light.
Photons
___ is small, definite, discrete packets of energy
Quanta
the electrons are shared equally in a _____
non polar covalent bond
___ is a measure of the intensity of the wave.
Amplitude
___ is the distance between one part of a wave and the exact same part on the next wave.
Wavelength
___ are the electrons that are in the valence shell.
Valence electrons
___ is an acid compound that has hydrogen, oxygen, and one other atom, the oxygen's will go around the central atom and the hydrogens will go around the oxygens.
oxyacid
___ particles that make up the nucleus.
nucleons
___ particles that make up the atom. (proton, neutron, electron)
Subatomic Particles
___ is an electronic device used to make cathode rays
Crookes' Tube
___ is the unit of mass = to 1/12 the mass of a Carbon-12 atom.
Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)
___ are the regions around the nucleus where electrons are assigned based upon their amount of energy.
Energy Levels
___ mathmatical model used to describe location and energy of high energy particles like electrons. Uses Calculus
Wave Mechanics
___ mathmatical model used to describe location and energy of high energy particles like electrons.Uses matrix math
Quantum Mechanics
___ is the region around the nucleus where electrons can be found.
Electron Cloud
___ small positive central core that has almost all the mass in a positive charge.
Nucleus
___ is a method of describing the energy and location of the electron in the orbitals of an atom.
Electron Configuration
___ is a method of describing the energy and location of the electron in the orbitals of an atom that also includes the spin of an electron
Orbital Notation
Set of 4 numbers ranged in sequence which is a method of desribing the energy and location of the electron in the orbitals of an atom.
Quantum Numbers
___ is a charged particle made by loosing or gaining an electron.
Ion
___ are negative particles
cathode rays
____ is a mental picture used to descibe something we cant see.
Scientific Model
____ is a mental picture used to descibe something we cant see.
Scientific Model
one side of a molechule is positive and the other side is negative
Polar molechule
___ is the energy required to break a chemical bond
Bond Energy
___ is a device that will seperate charged particles according to their mass.
Mass Spectrometer
___ is a negatively charged subatomic particle; a fundamental particle of nature.
electron
___ a subatomic particle that has no charge and a mass of one amu.
neutron
a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means is a ___
element
___ is the smallest particle that retains the characteristic composition of an element.
atom