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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thiazide drug interactions
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interfere with anticoagulants, decrease effects of some insulin, prolong chemo and bipolar drug effects.
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Thiazide effects
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diuretic: limits sodium/potassium reuptake in loop of henle, convoluted tubules/nephron.
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Loop diuretic effects
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Limits sodium/potassium reuptake in loop of henle and distal convoluted tubule
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Potassium-sparing diuretic effects
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Cause sodium and water to be excreted in urine but spares potassium.
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UTI (urinary tract infection) bacteria is what type?
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gram-negative bacteria
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Types of UTI drugs
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penicillin, cephalosporin, quinolone, fuoroquinolone, sulfonamide, folic acid, combination, cranberry juice (prevention)
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Types of overactive bladder drugs
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anticholinergic
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Anticholinergic drug effects
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reduce smooth muscle tone of bladder and relax bladder contractions.
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Types of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy drugs
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Androgen inhibitor, Alpha1 receptor blocker
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Androgen inhibitor drug effects
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Inhibits male hormone dihydrotestosterone (androgen) reducing its effect on prostate), takes 6-12 months to review effectivness.
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Alpha1 receptor drug effects
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Block alpha1 receptors in the smooth muscles of the urethra and prostate gland allowing easier urine flow.
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Drugs to treat errectile dysfunction
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PDE5 inhibitor, prostaglandin E1,
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PDE5 inhibitor drug effects
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Stops PDE5 from metabolizing CGMP. cGMP creates and maintains the erection.
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Prostaglandin E1 drug effects
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Relax smooth muscles in the arteries of the penis increasing blood flow for an erection.
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Types of GERD drugs
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Antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, gastric stimulant
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Antacid drug effects
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raise ph stomach, decrease mucous memb. irritation, inhibit pepsin, include aluminum, magnesium, calcium, sodium
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H2 blocker drug effects
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blocks histimine H2 receptors in stomach which are what cause the release of hydrochloric acid. Must be taken 30 min before eating.
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What is the difference between H1 and H2 receptors?
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H1 is receptor for allergic reactions like sneezing, eyes, etc. H2 is hydrochloric acid creation in the stomach.
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Proton pump inhibitor drug effects
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Decrease production of hyrochloric acid in stomach
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purple pill?
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Nexium/Esomeprazole
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Gastric stimulant drug effects
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Increase rate of gastric emptying
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Peptic ulcer drugs
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H2 blocker, proton pump inhibitor, binding "bandage" over ulcer, or antibacterial/protozoal if H. Pylori cause.
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Antidiarrheal drugs
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anticholinergic, absorbent, opium, antibiotic, anti-infective
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Anticholinergic drug effects
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slows perristallasis in intestines
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Absorbent drug effects
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absorb excess water from stool to solidify it
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Laxative drugs
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Osmotic, bulk producing laxatives, stool softeners, Chloride channel laxative drugs, irritant/stimlant,
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Osmotic drug effects
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attract water from blood into intestines to soften stool
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bulk producing laxative drug effects
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indigestible substances to absorb and hold water in intestines to soften stool saftest/most natural treatment
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stool softener drug effects
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emulsifier that allows fat in stool to mix with water and soften stool.
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Chloride channel laxative drug effects
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Stimulate chloride channels in mucosa of intestineal wall causing fluid to flow into intestines
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Irritant/stimulant laxative drug effects
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stimulate intestinal mucosa to stimulate peristalsis
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Ulcerative Colitis drugs
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5-aminosalicylic acid drugs or 5-ASA, corticosteroids,
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Chrons drugs
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Monoclonal antibody, antibiotic/antiprotozoal,
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IBS drugs
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Serotonin receptor blockers, Chloride channel activators, Antispasmodic, Guanylate cyclase-C agonist, Antibiotic
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Osteoarthritis drugs
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Analgesic, Salicylates, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitor, corticosteroids, Hyaluronic acid, antioxidants, zinc, capsaicin,
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Salicylate drug effects
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Analgesic/anti inflammatory effects, long term they are irritating to stomach and cause gastric ulcers
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NSAID drug effects
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, inhibit prostaglandin production,
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COX-2 inhibitor drug effects
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larger catagory of NSAIDs, inhibit cyclooxygenase-2. Enzyme that decreases production of prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation.
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Hyaluronic acid osteoarthritis drug effect
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secreted by synovial membrane of joint to help maintain lubricating quality of fluid.
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Prostiglandin chemical effect
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Play role in causing pain/inflammation in osteoarth, rheum arth. When material of join breakdown they are coverted by COX enzymes to prostaglandins, which then stim pain receptors in the area.
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Rheumatoid arthritis drugs
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Gold compounds, Salicylates, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, Janus Kinase inhibitor drugs,
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Gold effect on rheumatoid arthritis
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inhibit macrophages from immune system that attack joints
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Monoclonal antibodies (RA) effects
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Bind with necrosis factor to prevent inflammation.
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Osteoporosis treatments/drugs
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supplements: D, estradiol, progesterone, calcium, excercise. Bone resorbtion inhibitor drugs, SERM Selective estrogen receptor modulator, Calcitonin-salmon, monoclonal antibody,
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Estradiol drug effects
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Inhibits the action of osteoclasts
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Bronchiodilator drugs
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Beta Agonist, Xanthine
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Beta-agonist drug effects
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Stimulate Beta2 receptors, Relax smooth muscle surrounding the bronchioles, allowing them to dilate, increase air flow.
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Xanthine drug effects
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Directly relax smooth muscle around bronchioles, stim the respiratory centers of brain
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Anticholinergic drug effects
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Block acetylcholine action on muscarinic receptors in smooth muscles around bronchioles
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Corticosteroid effect on lungs
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Supress inflammatory response and edema, CANNOT treat acute attacks.
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Leukotriene formation inhibitor drug effects
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Blocks action of leukotriene at the receptor. Leukotriene causes airway edems, bronchospasms, inflammation.
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Monoclonal antibody drug effects
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Keep immunoglobulin E (IgE) from binding to receptors on mast and basophil cells which stops the release of histimine.
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Mast Cell stabilizer drug effects
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Stabilize cell membrane of mast cells preventing them from releasing histamine during immune response to antigens.
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Expectorant drugs
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Reduce viscosity of mucus.
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Tuberculosis is caused by what kind of bacterium?
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Gram positive bacterium
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Nicotine drug effects
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Stim frontal cortex to increase alertness/performance, stim limbic lobe to provide pleasure, addicitve,
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Quit smoking aid drugs
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Nicotine, Nicotine antagonist, Adrenergic blocker, Antidepressant
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Hypertension treatment
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Lifestyle, Diuretic, Alpha1 blocker, Beta blockers, Calcium channel blocker, ACE inhibitor, Renin inhibitor, Selective Aldosterone receptor antagonist drug effect, Peripheral vasodilator,
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Alpha1 blocker drug effects
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Cause all blood vessels to dilate lowering blood preassure.
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Beta blocker drug effects hypertension
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Block action of ephenephrine decreasing heart rate and dilating blood vessels
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How beta receptors work on heart
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Beta 1 in heart when stim increase heart rate, Beta 2 in blood vessels stim smooth muscles constricting blood vessels
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Calcium channel blocker drug effect
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block movement of calcium ions into heart muscle and smooth muscles in blood vessels. Decrease heart rate and dilate arteries
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ACE inhibitor drug effects
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inhibits Angiotensis II causing dilation of blood vessels.
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Renin inhibitor drug effect
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blocks renin produced in kidneys dilating blood vessels.
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Selective Aldosterone receptor antagonist drug effect
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blocks aldosterone receptor which stops sodium reuptake into blood, causing more urination, less blood volume and lower preassure.
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Peripheral vasodilator drug effects
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relax smooth muscles of blood vessels.
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Hyperlipidemia drugs
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Bile sequestration drugs, HMB-CoA reductase inhibitor,
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Bile sequestration drug effects
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Causes cholesterol to bind to bile to make a substance that is excreted.
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HMB-CoA reductase inhibitor drug effects
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Blocks enzyme involved in one step of cholesterol production
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Ezetimibe (zetia) drug effect
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block cholesterol from being absorbed by small intestine back into blood
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Drugs to treat Congestive heart failure
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Diuretics, digitalis (slow heart pump but also strengthen), ACE inhibitor, angeotensis II inhibitor, beta blocker, adosterone receptor inhibitor,
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Drugs to treat Angina Pectoris
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Nitrate, calcium channel blocker, anticoagulant,
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Drugs to treat Myocardial infarction
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Thrombolytic drug, Beta blockers, Ace inhib, Angiotensin II recept blocker, platelet aggregation inhib,
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Anticoagulant drugs
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Heparin(Factor X inhibitor) Warfarin (block Vit K liver clot factor), Garlic, platlet aggregation inhib, Thrombin inhib, Factor Xa inhibitor drug, Thrombolytic enzyme, tussue plasminogen activator.
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Thrombin inhib drug effect
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inhibit action of thrombin, bind to receptors on both circulating thrombin and thrombin already incorporated into a blood clot.
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Thrombolytic enzyme drug effect
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Only anticoagulant other than plasminogen activator drug that can bread up a blood clot.
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Anemia treatment
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iron supplements, Erythropoietin-like drugs, Folic acid,
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Hemophilia treatment
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Coagulin-B, Vit K drug,
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Types of contraceptive
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mono/bi/tri phasic, progestin only (plan B one example),
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infertility drugs
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Progesterone, various
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