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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An example of a hypokinetic movement disorder would be ...
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Parkinson's disease
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Hyperkinetic movement disorders are defined as ...
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disorder involving too much movement or poor control of movement
(i.e. Tremor, myoclonus, dystonia, chorea, tics, RLS) |
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What are the cardinal motor features of Parkinsonism?
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Tremor at rest
Rigidity Akinesia/Bradykinesia Postural instability |
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The continuum of parkinsonism includes what 3 general categories?
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-secondary parkinsonism (drugs, vascular)
-idiopathic PD (overlaps with ET and AD some) -Parkinson-plus syndromes (Lewy body disease, multi-system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal ganglionic degeneration) |
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What are 7 features that suggest a diagnosis other than PD?
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-Poor response to levadopa
-early onset of postural instability -axial more than appendicular rigidity -early dementia -supranuclear gaze palsy -early autonomic symptoms -stepwise progression |
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A disease that can mimic Parkinson's, but with early autonomic symptoms such as constipation, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, incontinence.
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Multiple System Atrophy
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A symmetrically affecting disease that looks similar to Parkinson's but with early gait/balance problems and falls, supranuclear gaze palsy, and frontal dementia.
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Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
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Parkinson-plus disease with extreme asymmetry, frontal dementia, and stimulus sensitive myoclonus.
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Corticobasal degeneration
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The 2nd most common degenerative dementia; has features of Parkinsonism and dementia within one year and hallucinations.
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Diffuse Lewy body disease
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Aside from drug therapy, what kind of surgery may be considered for Parkinson's disease?
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Deep brain stimulation
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What is a tremor?
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A rhythmic, mechanical oscillation of at least one functional body region
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In Parkinson's tremors are most seen when: rest, posture, action
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Rest >> posture = action
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An enhanced physiologic tremor is seen most when: rest, posture, action
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posture >/= action
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An essential tremor is seen most when: rest, posture, action
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action > posture >> rest
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T/F Essential tremor will get worse with alcohol
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False - will get better
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3 Causes of essential tremor to consider are what?
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-hyperthyroidism
-medication side effects -glucose abnormalities |
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What is dystonia?
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involuntary sustained pattern of contractions of opposing muscles causing twisting movements or abnormal postures
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Cardinal features of dystonia
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-long duration
-simultaneous contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles, results in twisting a body part -primary dystonia always begins as one part of the body -sensory input seems to help (sensory tricks) |
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Young, onset autosomal dominant dystonia type
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DYT1
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Name 3 drugs known to cause dystonia.
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-Metoclopramide
-Prochlorperazine -Promethazine |
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Condition characterized by unilateral facial muscle contractions in both the upper and lower face brought on when the patient contracts facial muscles.
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Hemifacial Spasm
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What is myoclonus?
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-brief, sudden, shock-like muscle contractions
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A variant of myoclonus characterized by a sudden lapse in muscle contraction
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Asterixis (negative myoclonus)
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Name 2 secondary causes of myoclonus.
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-Metabolic derangements (kidney or liver failure)
-Anoxic brain insult |
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A spontaneous purposeless movement or vocalization that abruptly interrupts motor activity is called what?
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A tic
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What is chorea?
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involuntary movements that flow from one body part to another
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What is ballism?
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forceful, flinging, coarse chorea
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What is athetosis?
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Writhing, snake-like movements that resemble dystonia but are not sustained
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Huntington's disease correlates with an atrophy of the ____________ and eventually the whole brain.
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Caudate
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Disease that results from abnormal copper metabolism and deposition in tissues
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Wilson's disease
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How is copper normally metabolized?
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It is transported into bile and incorporated into ceruloplasmin
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What is akathisia?
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-"unable to sit still", feeling of restlessness
-perform complex and stereotyped movements (i.e. crossing and uncrossing legs) |
