Movement Disorders - 3 Ncs For Conditions Sheet Later

Front 1

voluntary movement

Back 1

act of will, mover assumes responsibility

Front 2

involuntary movement

Back 2

not voluntary

Front 3

paralysis

Back 3

absence of movement

Front 4

paresis

Back 4

reduced power of movement

Front 5

bradykinesia

Back 5

reduced speed and spontaneity of movement

Front 6

akinesia

Back 6

absence of spontaneous movement

Front 7

muscle tone

Back 7

degree of resistance of a limb to passive manipulation

Front 8

hypotonia

Back 8

lower muscle tone

Front 9

rigidity

Back 9

increase in muscle tone

Front 10

spasticity

Back 10

altered muscle tone, increased resistance to passive movement

Front 11

akathisia

Back 11

state of restlessness

Front 12

ataxia

Back 12

loss of muscular coordination

Front 13

dysmetria

Back 13

clumsiness, irregular displacement of limb (bad movement)

Front 14

counter movement (Gegenhalten)

Back 14

movement that is equal in force and opposite in direction

Front 15

tremor

Back 15

involuntary, rhythmic and regular oscillation
4 types: action (voluntary), kinetic (during movement), postural, rest

Front 16

asterixis

Back 16

brief lapses of pasture observed with arms raised and extended at the elbows and wrists

Front 17

chorea

Back 17

dance-like movement

Front 18

athetosis

Back 18

involuntary, slow, writhing movement

Front 19

dystonia

Back 19

twisting, involuntary movement

Front 20

myoclonus

Back 20

brief, jerky, shock-like involuntary movement

Front 21

tic

Back 21

brief, stereotyped, repetitive, inappropriate movement

Front 22

ballismus

Back 22

violent, flinging proximal movement; due to subthalamic nucleus lesion

Front 23

parkinson's disease

Back 23

neuronal degeneration of pars compacta of substantia nigra --cells no longer produce dopamine
path: loss of pigement in S.N + eosinophilic inclusion (Lewy bodies)

CF: bradykinesia (masked face), "pill-rolling" tremor at rest, cog-wheeling (rigidity + tremor), stooped poture, shuffling gait

treatment: levodopa with carbidopa (inhibits preipheral conversion of l-dopa to dopa)

Front 24

progressive supranuclear palsy

Back 24

neuronal degeneration of pons + midbrain
path: depigmentation of S.N

CF: parkinsonism + pseudobulbar palsy (hyper-reflexic weakness of lower muscles), supranuclear ocular palsy (loss of voluntary eye movement)

treatment: L-Dopa

Front 25

Wilson's disease

Back 25

defect in copper transport protein, ceruloplasmin
autosomal recessive, chrom 13q14.3
path: liver cirrhosis and basal ganglia degeration

CF: Kayser-Fleischer ring- yellow-brown discoloration of cornea due to Cu build up
dystonia, dysartria, parkinsonism, ataxia, and chorea, "sardonic grin", "wing-beathing" tremor

tests: low serum ceruloplasmin, increased urinary Cu excretion, liver biopsy (elevated Cu)

treatment: pencilliamin- short term
zinc - long term