Mouth/throat

Front 1

angioedema

Back 1

Recurrent large circumscribed areas of subcutaneous or mucosal edema of sudden onset, usually disappearing within 24 hours; frequently, an allergic reaction to foods or drugs.

Front 2

carcinoma (CA)

Back 2

Any of various types of malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial cells, chiefly glandular (adenocarcinoma) or squamous (squamous cell carcinoma); the most commonly occurring kind of cancer.

Front 3

chancre

Back 3

The primary lesion of syphilis, which begins at the site of cutaneous or mucosal infection after an interval of 10–30 days as a papule or area of infiltration, of dull red color, hard, and insensitive; the center usually becomes eroded or breaks down into an ulcer that heals slowly after 4–6 weeks. Finding Treponema pallidum on dark-field examination is diagnostic, except in oral ulcers, in which T. mic rodentium is normally present.

Front 4

cheilitis

Back 4

Inflammation of the lips or of a lip.

Front 5

cheilosis

Back 5

A condition characterized by dry scaling and fissuring of the lips, attributed by some clinicians to riboflavin deficiencies and other nutritional requirements.

Front 6

perioral

Back 6

Around the mouth.
Synonyms: circumoral, peristomal, peristomatous

Front 7

herpes

Back 7

An inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus; an eruption of groups of deep-seated vesicles on erythematous bases.

Front 8

mucocele

Back 8

A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, gallbladder, or other site.
Synonyms: mucous cyst

Front 9

fissure

Back 9

. A deep furrow, cleft, or slit; a gap between bones or bony elements. (For most of the brain fissures, see entries under sulcus.)
2. In dentistry, a developmental break or fault in the tooth enamel.

Front 10

frenulum

Back 10

A small frenum or bridle.

Front 11

frenum

Back 11

. A narrow reflection or fold of mucous membrane passing from a more fixed to a movable part, serving to check undue movement of the part.
2. An anatomical structure resembling such a fold.

Front 12

lesion

Back 12

1. A wound or injury.
2. A pathologic change in the tissues.
3. One of the individual points or patches of a multifocal disease.

Front 13

ranula

Back 13

1. Hypoglottis.
2. Any cystic tumor of the undersurface of the tongue or floor of the mouth, especially one of the floor of the mouth due to obstruction of the duct of the sublingual glands.

Front 14

varix

Back 14

1. A dilated vein.
2. An enlarged and tortuous vein, artery, or lymphatic vessel.

Front 15

candidiasis

Back 15

Infection with, or disease caused by, Candida, especially C. albicans. This disease usually results from debilitation (as in immunosuppression and especially AIDS), physiologic change, prolonged administration of antibiotics, and iatrogenic and barrier breakage.

Front 16

cleft

Back 16

A fissure, groove.

Front 17

Fordyce spots

Back 17

a condition marked by the presence of numerous small, yellowish-white bodies or granules on the inner surface and vermilion border of the lips; histologically the lesions are ectopic sebaceous glands.

Front 18

Koplik spots

Back 18

spots pathognomonic for measles (morbilli), occurring before the skin eruption and seen on the buccal mucous membrane. In strong light, they appear as small red dots with a central bluish-white speck

Front 19

leukoplakia

Back 19

A white patch of oral or female genital mucous membrane that cannot be wiped off and cannot be diagnosed clinically as any specific disease entity; in current usage, a clinical term without histologic connotation.

Front 20

moniliasis

Back 20

Synonyms: candidiasis

Front 21

torus

Back 21

1. A rounded swelling, such as that caused by a contracting muscle.
2. A geometric figure formed by the revolution of a circle around the base of any of its arcs, such as the convex molding at the base of a pillar.

Front 22

abscess

Back 22

1. A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate frequently associated with swelling and other signs of inflammation.
2. A cavity formed by liquefactive necrosis within solid tissue.

Front 23

diphtheria

Back 23

A specific infectious disease due to the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae and its highly potent toxin; marked by severe inflammation that can form a membranous coating, with formation of a thick fibrinous exudate, of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, the nose, and sometimes the tracheobronchial tree; the toxin produces degeneration in peripheral nerves, heart muscle, and other tissues, diphtheria had a high fatality rate, especially in children, but is now rare because of an effective vaccine.

Front 24

pharyngitis

Back 24

. Inflammation of the mucous membrane and underlying parts of the pharynx

Front 25

peritonsillar abscess

Back 25

extension of tonsillar infection beyond the tonsillar capsule with abscess formation between the capsule and the musculature of the tonsillar fossa.

Front 26

quinsy

Back 26

Obsolete term for peritonsillar abscess.

Front 27

tonsillitis

Back 27

Inflammation of a tonsil, especially of the palatine tonsil

Front 28

ulcer

Back 28

A lesion through the skin or a mucous membrane resulting from loss of tissue, usually with inflammation.

Front 29

epulis

Back 29

A nonspecific exophytic gingival mass.

Front 30

gingivitis

Back 30

Inflammation of the gingiva as a response to bacterial plaque on adjacent teeth; characterized by erythema, edema, and fibrous enlargement of the gingiva without resorption of the underlying alveolar bone.

Front 31

bismuth line

Back 31

a black zone on the free marginal gingiva, often the first sign of poisoning from prolonged parenteral administration of bismuth.

Front 32

lead line

Back 32

deposits of lead sulfide in the gingiva in areas of chronic inflammation

Front 33

pyorrhea

Back 33

A purulent discharge.

Front 34

periodontitis

Back 34

1. Inflammation of the periodontium.
2. A chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium occurring in response to bacterial plaque on the adjacent teeth; characterized by gingivitis, destruction of the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament, apical migration of the epithelial attachment resulting in the formation of periodontal pockets, and ultimately loosening and exfoliation of the teeth.

Front 35

buccopharyngeal

Back 35

Relating to both cheek or mouth and pharynx.

Front 36

leukoplakia

Back 36

A white patch of oral or female genital mucous membrane that cannot be wiped off and cannot be diagnosed clinically as any specific disease entity; in current usage, a clinical term without histologic connotation.

Front 37

sordes

Back 37

A dark brown or blackish crustlike collection on the lips, teeth, and gums of a person with dehydration associated with a chronic debilitating disease.

Front 38

stomatitis

Back 38

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth.

Front 39

trench mouth

Back 39

Synonyms: necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Front 40

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)

Back 40

an acute or recurrent gingivitis of young and middle-aged adults characterized clinically by gingival erythema and pain, fetid odor, necrosis, and sloughing of interdental papillae and marginal gingiva that gives rise to a gray pseudomembrane; fever, regional lymphadenopathy, and other systemic manifestations also may be present. A fusiform bacillus and Treponema vincentii can be isolated from the gingival tissues in large numbers and are thought to play a significant but poorly defined role in the pathogenesis

Front 41

. tooth abrasion

Back 41

loss or wearing away of tooth structure caused by the abrasive characteristics of substances other than foods.

Front 42

attrition

Back 42

1. Wearing away by friction or rubbing.
2. In dentistry, physiologic loss of tooth structure caused by the abrasive character of food or by bruxism.

Front 43

bruxism

Back 43

A clenching of the teeth, associated with forceful lateral or protrusive jaw movements, resulting in rubbing, gritting, or grinding together of the teeth, usually during sleep; sometimes a pathologic condition

Front 44

caries

Back 44

. Microbial destruction or necrosis of teeth.
2. Obsolete term for tuberculosis of bones or joints.

Front 45

edentulous

Back 45

Toothless, having lost the natural teeth.

Front 46

malposition

Back 46

Synonyms: dystopia Faulty or abnormal position of a part or organ

Front 47

malocclusion

Back 47

1. Any deviation from a physiologically acceptable contact of opposing dentitions.
2. Any deviation from a normal occlusion.

Front 48

rib notching

Back 48

a smooth defect in the lower border of one or more upper ribs caused by enlarged intercostal collateral vessels, most often a sign of coarctation of the aorta.