Mouse Blue Book - Vol I, Chp 4

Front 1

Fundamental concerns surrounding strain development & colony maintenance include:

Back 1

Viability, fecundity, availability of appropriate controls, degree of genetic diversity, complexities caused by modifier genes, and segregating backgrounds.

Front 2

True or False. Female productivity is maximized by leaving the female(s) with the adult male throughout their reproductive life

Back 2

true

Front 3

True or False. In general, harem mating increases male reproductive performance.

Back 3

true

Front 4

Rotating males with multiple females decreases male productivity but increases female productivity.

Back 4

false

Front 5

Describe the Whitten effect.

Back 5

Refers to the synchronization of the female estrus cycle approximately 72 hours after a group of female mice is introduced to a male or his odor.

Front 6

Describe the Bruce effect.

Back 6

Refers to the finding that female mice will spontaneously abort when exposed to a male or his odor if he was not their original mate.

Front 7

Describe the Lee-Boot effect.

Back 7

Describes the induction of pseudopregnancy in group-housed females.

Front 8

At what age does reproductive performance generally begin to decline?
a. 6 months
b. 8 months
c. 12 months
d. 15 months

Back 8

b. 8 months

Front 9

Name 3 general guidelines for breeder selection:

Back 9

a. choose mice that exhibit normal breeding for that strain
b. choose sibling pairs from parents that exhibit the standard phenotype reported for that strain
c. Avoid selection of breeders from parents that are poor breeders or neglect the pups

Front 10

True or False. Mice carrying mutations that alter gene function often display an unexpected or incompletely understood phenotype.

Back 10

true

Front 11

Name 4 factors that influence reproductive performance.

Back 11

Age, obesity, illness, strain type, genetic mutation / transgene, light, diet, noise, vibration, temperature, humidity, handling, seasonal changes

Front 12

True or False. Breeding and maintaining mice necessitates accurate and detailed record keeping

Back 12

true

Front 13

True or False. Computer based systems can replace strain-specific paper ledger and pedigree charts.

Back 13

false

Front 14

An allele is:
a. a variable form of a protein
b. a variable form of a gene
c. a variable form of a cell

Back 14

b.

Front 15

The most common allele in a normal population is called a ___________ allele.

Back 15

wild type

Front 16

A mouse bearing the same allele on both chromosomes is ___________.

Back 16

homozygous

Front 17

A mouse carrying two different alleles is _________________.

Back 17

heterozygous

Front 18

An allele that has one copy of the gene in the whole genome is called ____________.

Back 18

hemizygous

Front 19

True or False. The term outcross described the breeding of mice that are genetically identical

Back 19

false

Front 20

A breeding system using mice that are identically homozygous is called ________.

Back 20

incross

Front 21

_________ describes breeding mice that are identically heterozygous.

Back 21

Intercross

Front 22

___________ describes breeding offspring back to one of the parental backgrounds.

Back 22

Backcross

Front 23

True or False. Alleles can by inherited dominantly, recessively, or in a sex-linked manner.

Back 23

True

Front 24

_______ alleles are evident by phenotype when only a single copy is present.

Back 24

Dominant

Front 25

Generally, the most sensible breeding scheme for dominant mutations is:
a heterozygote x heterozygote
b. heterozygote x wild type
c. heterozygote x homozygote

Back 25

b

Front 26

__________ testing is the process of inferring the parental genotype from the genotype of the offspring.

Back 26

Progeny

Front 27

True or False. Many spontaneous mutations and targeted disruptions function as dominant mutations.

Back 27

False

Front 28

________ alleles are only phenotypically evident when homozygous.

Back 28

Recessive

Front 29

True or False. The use of a two generation cross-intercross breeding can be used to maintain recessive alleles.

Back 29

true

Front 30

True or False. Alleles of genes on the X chromosome will be expressed only in males

Back 30

false

Front 31

True or False. Use of heterozygote x wild-type breeding scheme avoid the creation of a lethality or sterility in the homozygote.

Back 31

true

Front 32

The use of _____________ is more typically used for strain rescue or rapid colony expansion.

Back 32

sperm for IVF

Front 33

True or False. Closed colony breeding restricts the alleles available in that population to those present in the genomes of the breeders from within that colony.

Back 33

true

Front 34

True or False. A fully inbred strain is one that is mathematically predicted to have 100% of its genome homozygous.

Back 34

true

Front 35

How many generations of full sibling breeding is required to be considered fully inbred?

Back 35

40

Front 36

Name the most commonly used inbred strains?

Back 36

C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, BALB/cJ

Front 37

What is substrain divergence?

Back 37

When two distinct breeding lines are permitted to propagate from the same ancestral pair.

Front 38

_______________ are strains that are developed to be heterozygous for a specific pair of alleles.

Back 38

Segregating inbred strains

Front 39

_________ strains differ from the parental inbred at only one locus.

Back 39

coisogenic

Front 40

True or False. The inbred strain provided an appropriate control for coisogenic strains w/ mutations maintained homozygously.

Back 40

true

Front 41

Allelic variations that impact the phenotypic expression of another gene are called?

Back 41

Genetic modifiers

Front 42

What is hybrid vigor?

Back 42

The increase in fecundity, litter size, and overall health

Front 43

_________ is evident when a cross is done between two distinct inbred strains.

Back 43

Hybrid vigor

Front 44

F1 hybrids are commonly made between _______ and wild-derived mice.

Back 44

inbred

Front 45

True or False. Segregating backgrounds refers to strains in which there are broad array of alleles segregating throughout the genome.

Back 45

True

Front 46

Segregating backgrounds that derive from more than two progenitor strains are designated __________.

Back 46

Stock

Front 47

A _______ strain is an inbred that contains a segment of DNA from another strain.

Back 47

congenic

Front 48

What is speed congenic development?

Back 48

Uses a marker assisted breeding strategy to reduce the number of generations needed to develop a congenic strain.

Front 49

A ________ strain is an inbred strain bearing on full chromosome from another strain.

Back 49

consomic

Front 50

___________ strains are those that have the nuclear content of one strain but the mitochondrial DNA of another.

Back 50

Conplastic

Front 51

__________ is made by crossing two inbred strains then sibling inbreeding for at least 20 generations.

Back 51

Recombinant inbred strain

Front 52

The percentage of the mutation bearing population that expresses a phenotype is called the ___________. The degree to which that phenotype is expressed is called the __________.
a. expressivity / penetrance
b. penetrance / expressivity

Back 52

b

Front 53

What are mosaic populations?

Back 53

Populations generated through pair mating multiple inbred strains in a predetermined pattern.