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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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skill for which primary determinant of success is quality of mvmt that performer produces |
motor skill |
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father of motor skills research |
Franklin M. Henry |
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skill or task that is organized in such a way that action is usually brief and has well-defined beginning and end |
discrete skill |
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type of skill organization that is characterized by several discrete actions connected together in sequence, often w/ order of actions being crucial to performance success |
serial skill |
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skill organized in such way that action unfolds w/o recognizable beginning and end in ongoing and often repetitive fashion |
continuous skill |
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throwing a dart |
discrete skill |
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hammering a nail |
serial skill |
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rowing |
continuous skill |
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skill for which primary determinant of success is quality of performer's decisions regarding what to do |
cognitive skill |
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skill that emphasizes knowing what to do |
cognitive skill |
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emphasizes doing skill effectively |
motor skill |
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skill performed in enviro that is unpredictable or in motion and that requires performers to adapt their mvmts in response to dynamic properties of enviro |
open skill |
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skill performed in enviro that is predictable or stationary and allows performers to plan mvmts in advance |
closed skill |
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characteristics of individuals that are subject to change as result of practice and that underlie performance of various tasks |
capabilities |
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characteristics of skill proficiency |
max certainty of goal achievement min energy expenditure min mvmt time |
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observable production of voluntary action, or motor skill; level of person's performance is susceptible to fluctuations in temporary factors such as motivation, arousal, fatigue, and physical condition |
motor performance |
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changes, associated w/ practice or experience, in internal processes that determine person's capability for producing motor skill |
motor learning |
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improvements that occur in person's capability for correct responding as result of repeated performance attempts and w/o person's awareness of what caused improvements (or that improvements even occurred) |
implicit learning |
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mvmts performed w/ little attention to or conscious awareness of skill execution; characteristic of advanced learners |
automated mvmts |
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performers noticing obvious changes in performance |
explicit learning |
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learners experience performance improvements about which they are unaware |
implicit learning |
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approach to understanding motor performance and learning that emphasizes situation (or context) in which performance and learning take place |
situation-based approach |
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info that people receive for processing |
input |
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3 info-processing stages |
stimulus identification response selection response programming |
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several distinguishable operations (stimulus identification, response selection, response programming) that people perform on info between input and output; frequently examined by scientists in run-time experiments |
stages of processing |
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first stage of info-processing; during this stage, input is detected and identified |
stimulus-identification stage |
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second stage of info processing; during this stage, it is decided which, if any, response should be made |
response-selection stage |
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third stage of info processing; during this stage, motor system is organized to produce desired mvmt |
response-programming stage |
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motor behavior or action produced as result of info processing |
output |
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based on mvmt organization |
discrete-serial-continuous dimension |
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based on role of mental activity |
motor-cognitive dimension |
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based on environmental demands |
open-closed dimension |
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performance proficiency approach |
degree of max certainty degree of energy expenditure degree of mvmt time |
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task approach |
discrete-serial-continuous dimension motor-cognitive dimension open-closed dimension |
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what you see |
performance |
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what you cannot see; it is inferred from behavior, internal process |
learning |
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learning |
process that results in relatively consistent change in behavior and is based on experience |
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stages of learning |
cognitive stage association stage autonomous stage |
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learning with awareness; requires direct instruction |
explicit learning |
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learning w/o awareness; muscle memory |
implicit learning |
