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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Central nervous system |
This includes the brain and the spinal cord and is where sensory information is integrated signals are than generated and sent to effectors |
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Peripheral nervous system |
This includes all the nerves that are throughout the body that link the body to the CNS there are two types of divisions afferent division and efferent Division |
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Sensory receptors |
There are three major types of receptors that detects stimuli and provide information. 1 exteroceptors these are the feelings you feel outside the body 2 interoceptors these are the feelings inside the body like hunger or nausea 3 proprioceptors this is how you feel your body position |
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70 % |
How many of all your sensory receptors are located in the eyes |
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40% |
What is the percent of the cerebral cortex thought to be involved in processing visual information |
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Sports vision |
This focuses on investigating visual contributions to Performance |
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Photoreceptors |
You have two major classes of these rods and cones |
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Rods |
Very numerous and help with vision in dim lighting they help us to see shapes and movements prominent for a vision at night |
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Cones |
Operate best in bright lighting and are specialized for color vision and visual acuity |
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Cornea |
The outer transparent structure at the front of the eye that covers the iris pupil and anterior chamber is the eyes primary light focusing structure |
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Fovea |
The pit or depression at the center of the macula that provides the greatest visual acuity |
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Iris |
The color ring of tissue behind the pupil |
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Focal System |
This system involves the fovea functions to identify objects primarily located in the central region of the visual field it is strongly linked to Consciousness and therefore operates under voluntary control. Does not work well in low light. |
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Ambient system |
This functions at a subconscious level it is thought to be responsible for spatial localization orientation it involves the entire retina serves both the Central and peripheral vision fields and is not affected by changes in light |
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Eye dominance |
One eye processes information and transmits to the brain more quickly than the other eye |
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Same side dominant |
Your dominant eye and your dominant hand are on the same side |
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Cross dominant |
Your dominant eye and your dominant hand are on opposite sides |
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Spotting |
It is a technique used in the performance of rotational skills it is accomplished by focusing or fixating one's visual attention on a specific spot while the body rotates |
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Quiet eye |
Is the final fixation before movement initiation |
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Targeting skills |
Propelling an object towards a Target |
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Interceptive skills |
Striking catching Collision the ability to track a moving stimulus decide when and or where the stimulus will arrive in determine and execute appropriate movement to intercept it |
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Tactical skills |
Understanding movement and making decisions at a quick pace |
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Optic flow |
How close we are to certain objects and how quickly were approaching them is called |
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Feed-forward system |
Sends information ahead to adjust movements in advance |
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Proprioception |
The Continuous Flow of sensory information from receptors regarding movement and body position |
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Golgi tendon organs |
These receptors respond to tension |
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Muscle spindles |
These proprioceptors respond to how much and fast a muscle is stretched |
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Joint kinesthetic receptors |
These receptors respond to pressure acceleration and deceleration and strain on joints |
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Vestibular apparatus |
These receptors are in the inner ear and respond to changes in posture and balance |
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Compensatory postural adjustments |
These postural adjustments occur after an external perturbation or loss of desirable posture |
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Anticipatory postural adjustments |
These postural adjustments are activated before a voluntary movement to counteract of potential of loss of stability |
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Spinal reflexes |
An automatic involuntary response to stimuli |
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Reflex arc |
Is the simplest pathway by which a reflex occurs The receptor to sensory neuron to integrating Center to motor neuron to effector |
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Monosynaptic or stretch reflex |
Is the knee-jerk |
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Polysynaptic reflex |
There are one or more interneurons between sensory and motor neurons in this type of reflex it is also called the withdrawal reflex or crossed extensor reflex |
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M1 response |
30-50ms monosynaptic reflex Stretch of the muscle spindles postural sway on unanticipated outside forces |
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M2 response |
50-80ms functional stretch reflex Longer latency time travels up spinal cord and back muscle spindle knee-jerk reflex More flexible modify size or amplitude but still not voluntary response too fast |
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Triggered Reaction |
80-120ms Reactions to perturbations can be learned and become automatic processing response cutaneous receptors |
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M3 response |
120-180ms Voluntary reaction time response Powerful and sustained many factors influence response |
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Level of injury of the spinal cord |
In general the higher up of the spinal cord injury occurs the more serious injury |
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Cerebrum |
Primary objective is to receive cutaneous and proprioceptive receptor info Vision image light and dark orientation secondary is to integrate and interpret signals Vision interpret what one sees |
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Cerebral cortex outermost layer of cerebrum |
This contain sensory areas which interpret information received from the various sensory receptors it also contains motor areas which coordinate and initiate voluntary movement of muscles |
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Basal ganglia |
It is important in the initiation and control of subconscious gross body movements plays a key role in regulating the intensity of movement parameters If degenerated can lead to diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease |
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Cerebellum |
This monitor is movement plays a key role in detecting and correcting errors works with the motor cortex to produce smooth coordinated movements plays in key role in maintaining posture and balance |
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Sensory register |
This is the first stop of memory holds abundance of info briefly selectively attend to what will be processed |
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Short-term memory |
As a limited capacity only holds for about 20 to 30 seconds unless given further attention through processing activities like rehearsal repetitions this type of memory is believed to hold 7 items at a time it is best to use chunking to memorize |
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Long term memory |
This type of memory has limitless capacity and duration |
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Visuospatial sketchpad |
Provides a virtual environment for physical stimulation visualization and Optical memory recall it processes the current environment as you see it |
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Phonological Loop |
Deals with briefly store in vocal or written stimuli also uses rehearsal to integrate information to long term memory |
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Declarative memory |
It is our memory for facts or events and is commonly broken down into two types episodic and semantic memory |
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Episodic memory |
This memory contains information about personal experiences and events that are associated with a specific time and context |
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Semantic memory |
This memory represents general knowledge that is developed by our experiences but not associated with time |
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Procedural memory |
This memory retains info on how to do something and it's fundamental to achieve moment goals this is the how memory |
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Proactive interference |
When old learning interferes with new learning |
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Retroactive interference |
When new learning interferes with old learning |
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Chunking |
This is where you group certain items together so you can retain more information |