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56 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Central nervous system

This includes the brain and the spinal cord and is where sensory information is integrated signals are than generated and sent to effectors

Peripheral nervous system

This includes all the nerves that are throughout the body that link the body to the CNS there are two types of divisions afferent division and efferent Division

Sensory receptors

There are three major types of receptors that detects stimuli and provide information.


1 exteroceptors these are the feelings you feel outside the body


2 interoceptors these are the feelings inside the body like hunger or nausea


3 proprioceptors this is how you feel your body position

70 %

How many of all your sensory receptors are located in the eyes

40%

What is the percent of the cerebral cortex thought to be involved in processing visual information

Sports vision

This focuses on investigating visual contributions to Performance

Photoreceptors

You have two major classes of these rods and cones

Rods

Very numerous and help with vision in dim lighting they help us to see shapes and movements prominent for a vision at night

Cones

Operate best in bright lighting and are specialized for color vision and visual acuity

Cornea

The outer transparent structure at the front of the eye that covers the iris pupil and anterior chamber is the eyes primary light focusing structure

Fovea

The pit or depression at the center of the macula that provides the greatest visual acuity

Iris

The color ring of tissue behind the pupil

Focal System

This system involves the fovea functions to identify objects primarily located in the central region of the visual field it is strongly linked to Consciousness and therefore operates under voluntary control. Does not work well in low light.

Ambient system

This functions at a subconscious level it is thought to be responsible for spatial localization orientation it involves the entire retina serves both the Central and peripheral vision fields and is not affected by changes in light

Eye dominance

One eye processes information and transmits to the brain more quickly than the other eye

Same side dominant

Your dominant eye and your dominant hand are on the same side

Cross dominant

Your dominant eye and your dominant hand are on opposite sides

Spotting

It is a technique used in the performance of rotational skills it is accomplished by focusing or fixating one's visual attention on a specific spot while the body rotates

Quiet eye

Is the final fixation before movement initiation

Targeting skills

Propelling an object towards a Target

Interceptive skills

Striking catching Collision the ability to track a moving stimulus decide when and or where the stimulus will arrive in determine and execute appropriate movement to intercept it

Tactical skills

Understanding movement and making decisions at a quick pace

Optic flow

How close we are to certain objects and how quickly were approaching them is called

Feed-forward system

Sends information ahead to adjust movements in advance

Proprioception

The Continuous Flow of sensory information from receptors regarding movement and body position

Golgi tendon organs

These receptors respond to tension

Muscle spindles

These proprioceptors respond to how much and fast a muscle is stretched

Joint kinesthetic receptors

These receptors respond to pressure acceleration and deceleration and strain on joints

Vestibular apparatus

These receptors are in the inner ear and respond to changes in posture and balance

Compensatory postural adjustments

These postural adjustments occur after an external perturbation or loss of desirable posture

Anticipatory postural adjustments

These postural adjustments are activated before a voluntary movement to counteract of potential of loss of stability

Spinal reflexes

An automatic involuntary response to stimuli

Reflex arc

Is the simplest pathway by which a reflex occurs


The receptor to sensory neuron to integrating Center to motor neuron to effector

Monosynaptic or stretch reflex

Is the knee-jerk

Polysynaptic reflex

There are one or more interneurons between sensory and motor neurons in this type of reflex it is also called the withdrawal reflex or crossed extensor reflex

M1 response

30-50ms monosynaptic reflex


Stretch of the muscle spindles postural sway on unanticipated outside forces

M2 response

50-80ms functional stretch reflex


Longer latency time travels up spinal cord and back muscle spindle


knee-jerk reflex


More flexible modify size or amplitude but still not voluntary response too fast


Triggered Reaction

80-120ms


Reactions to perturbations can be learned and become automatic processing response cutaneous receptors

M3 response

120-180ms


Voluntary reaction time response


Powerful and sustained many factors influence response

Level of injury of the spinal cord

In general the higher up of the spinal cord injury occurs the more serious injury

Cerebrum

Primary objective is to receive cutaneous and proprioceptive receptor info Vision image light and dark orientation secondary is to integrate and interpret signals Vision interpret what one sees

Cerebral cortex outermost layer of cerebrum

This contain sensory areas which interpret information received from the various sensory receptors it also contains motor areas which coordinate and initiate voluntary movement of muscles

Basal ganglia

It is important in the initiation and control of subconscious gross body movements plays a key role in regulating the intensity of movement parameters


If degenerated can lead to diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease

Cerebellum

This monitor is movement plays a key role in detecting and correcting errors works with the motor cortex to produce smooth coordinated movements plays in key role in maintaining posture and balance

Sensory register

This is the first stop of memory holds abundance of info briefly selectively attend to what will be processed

Short-term memory

As a limited capacity only holds for about 20 to 30 seconds unless given further attention through processing activities like rehearsal repetitions this type of memory is believed to hold 7 items at a time it is best to use chunking to memorize

Long term memory

This type of memory has limitless capacity and duration

Visuospatial sketchpad

Provides a virtual environment for physical stimulation visualization and Optical memory recall it processes the current environment as you see it

Phonological Loop

Deals with briefly store in vocal or written stimuli also uses rehearsal to integrate information to long term memory

Declarative memory

It is our memory for facts or events and is commonly broken down into two types episodic and semantic memory

Episodic memory

This memory contains information about personal experiences and events that are associated with a specific time and context

Semantic memory

This memory represents general knowledge that is developed by our experiences but not associated with time

Procedural memory

This memory retains info on how to do something and it's fundamental to achieve moment goals this is the how memory

Proactive interference

When old learning interferes with new learning

Retroactive interference

When new learning interferes with old learning

Chunking

This is where you group certain items together so you can retain more information