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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two motor control theories?
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1. Motor control theory
2. Motor learning theory |
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Systems theory
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Motor function is a result of a series of interacting systems that contribute to different aspects of movement control
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Motor programming theory |
an abstract code that results in the production of a coordinated movement sequence |
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Open loop system
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movement patterns are stored and initiated without feedback this not self correcting. Automatic
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Closed loop system
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Movement patterns are initiated and modified using feedback info
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Motor learning theory |
concepts of feedback and practice that are used to influence the type and degree of learning and lead to relatively permanent changes in performance capabilities |
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Motor milestones
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Development of motor control in the child emerges at predictable stages
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How do motor milestones progress?
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Head to foot and proximal to distal
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Reflex hierarchical theory |
primitive and static attitudinal reflexes are believed to become integrated as the CNS matures and higher level postural reflexes emerge |
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Motor recovery
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The regaining of movement skills lost through injury.
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Compensation |
the adoption of alternative behavioral strategies to complete a task Ex; writing left handed |
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Spontaneous recovery |
the initial neural repair process that occurs immediately after injury. |
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Function-induced recovery |
ability of the nervous system to modify itself in response to activity and environmental stimulation |
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Mobility |
ability to move from one position to another independently and safely |
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Stability |
ability to maintain a position with the body at rest with orientation of the COM over the BOS |
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Controlled mobility |
ability to maintain postural stability and orientation of the COM over the BOS while parts of the body are in motion |
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Skill |
an action that has a specific goal and requires a coordinated movement sequence to achieve the goal |
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Adaptation |
the ability to modify a skill in response to changing task and environmental demands |
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Reaction time |
the interval of time between the onset of the stimulus to move and the initiation of a movement sequence |
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Gross motor skills |
large musculature |
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Fine motor skills |
Motor skills that require control of small muscles of the body to achieve the goal of skill. |
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Closed motor skill |
a skill performed in a stable or predictable environment |
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Open motor skill |
A skill performed in a variable or unpredictable environment |
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Discrete motor skills |
skills that have a distinct beginning and end points |
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Serial motor tasks |
Skills that are discrete or individual steps put together in a series |
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Continuous motor skills |
SKills that have arbitrary beginning and end points defined by th eperformer or some external agents |
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Simple motor skills |
movements that involve a single motor program that produces an individual movement response |
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Complex motor skills |
movements that involve multiple actions and motor programs combined to produce a coordinated movement response |
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Dual-task skills |
Movements that involve simultaneous actions performed together |
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Anticipation timing |
the ability to time movements to a target or an event in the environment |
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Regulatory conditions |
those features of the environment to which movement must be molded in order to be successful |
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Self-paced skills |
movements that are initiated at will and whose timing is controlled or modified by the individual |
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Externally paced skills |
movements that are initiated and paced by dictates of the external environment |
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Learned nonuse
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Learning to not use the affected body segment
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Are skills under involuntary or voluntary control?
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Voluntary control. Reflexes are not skilled movements
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Motor Ability
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The general capacity of an individual to perform a skill or task that is genetically predetermined.
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