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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Antimicrobial vs antibacterial
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kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms e.g., bacteria, fungi, protozoa/
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What does bacteriostatic do?
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bacteriostatic vs bactericidal
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inhibits growth/reproduction of bacteria vs. kills bacteria
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URIs
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pharyngitis
AOM (acute otitis media) ABS (acute bacterial sinusitis) |
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LRIs
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i.e., pneumonia:
CAP (community acquired) HAP (hospital acquired) |
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pseudomembranous colitis-what is it secondary to, and where do you get it? what is PC?
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usually caused by C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD), usually from hospital/nursing home or after taking abx. PC = colon infxn from overgrowth of C. difficile.
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which infxns occur only in immunocompromised pts (e.g., cancer, AIDs)?
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pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia (PCP) = lung infxn
mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) = localized or systemic |
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which skin infxns are commonly treated w/ Abx?
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Cellulitis (infected deepest skin layer)
impetigo (caused by staph or strep) |
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Which genitourinary infxns are treated w/ abx?
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BV (inflamed vagina)
UTI |
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how long to take Abx? what are side effects and how to alleviate?
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-until all gone (5-14 d.)
-N/V/D + yeast infxns |
-alleviate by: taking w/ food (if permitted); OTC for D (unless severe D); probiotics (restore normal flora, alleviate digestive problems)
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when should they feel better?
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2-3 d.
EXCEPT azithromycin (start d. 5, don't feel 100% until d. 10) |
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OCPs ok?
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controversial, abx may prevent OCP fxn
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what to do if pt believes she has allergies? what are the 3 types of penicillin allergies?
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if anaphylaxis (systemic allergic rxn, develop rapidly, incl SOB, slurred speech etc.), change drug class. if n/v/d-not allergies.
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PCN allergies:
immediate (1/2-1 h) accelerated (1-72 h) delayed (>72 h) |
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general storage?
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refrigerate if needed
store tabs in cool, dry place |
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general admin? what if miss dose?
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Shake suspensions well before each use
After reconstitution, make sure drug is stable throughout therapy |
If miss dose, don’t double dose (get worst side effects). Take asap unless almost time for next dose, in which case, wait.
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Beta lactams: what if allergic to PCN or cephalosporin, is entire class ruled out?
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if allergic to PCN, ok to take ceph as long as no anaphylaxis, + vv
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which classes are bactericidal? which are bacteriostatic?
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Bactericidal: b-lactams, fluoroquinolone, nitroimidazole, nitrofurantoin
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Bacteriostatic: sulfonamide, macrolide, tetracycline, lincosamide
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which inhibit cell wall synth?
which bind ribosomes to inhibit protein biosynth? |
cell wall:
PCNs (b-lactams) Sulfonamides |
bind ribo:
macrolide Tetracycline Lincosamide |
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how do the bactericidal classes work?
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b-lactam: inhibit cell wall synth
fluoroquinolone: bind enzyme to inhibit DNA rep/transcr |
nitroimidazole is converted into toxic cpd in anaerobic cells.
nitrofurantoin inhibits carb metabolism. |
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which classes cause sun sensitivity? (hint: 3/4 bacteriostatic)
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sulfonamide, macrolide, tetracycline, fluoroquinolone
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Which 2 cause metallic taste? Which 2 cause rash?
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metallic: clarithromycin (macrolide), nitroimidazole
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rash: b-lactam, sulfonamide
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Which 3 cause HA? (hint: 2/3 bactericidal)
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fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin
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Which 2 cause dizziness? Which 2 cause discolored urine?
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dizzy: sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone
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discolored urine: nitroimidazole, nitrofurantoin
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Side effects unique to 1 class
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macrolide: prolong QTC
Tetracycline-discolor teeth lincosamide: incr risk CDAD/p. colitis |
fluoroquinolone: dyspepsia, incr bl sugar (monitor in DM), tendon toxicity
nitroimidazole: dysuria, dry mouth nitrofurantoin: flatulence |
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Drug classes containing only 1 drug
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sulfonamide = sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
lincosamide = clindamycin |
nitroimidazole = metronidazole
nitrofurantoin |
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3 drugs in tetracycline class
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tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline
-CYCLINE |
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3 drugs in fluoroquinolone class
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ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
-FLOXACIN |
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3 drugs in macrolide class
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azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin
-MYCIN |
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2 drugs in b-lactams
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penicillins, cephalosporins
-INS |
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Admin:
which are best w/ food? which w/o? which don't matter? |
w/food: amox/clav (b-lactam), sulf, nitrofur, nitroimid
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w/o food: macrolide, tetracycline (drug, not class)
doesn't matter: other b-lactams, fluoro, other tetracyclines, lincosamides |
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classes to separate from antacids? classes to also separate from Fe, MVTs, dairy?
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not w/ antacids: cefdinir (type of cephalosporin), azithromycin, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline
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not w/ fe/MVTs/diary: fluoro, tet, cefdinir (no Fe, but MVT + dairy ok)
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special admin: which 2 need full glass h20? which 1 to not refrig?
not w/ grapefruit? not w/ ETOH? |
h20: sulf, linco
no refrig: sulf |
no gf: clarithromycin, erythromycin
no ETOH: nitroimidazole |
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b-lactam: fxn of clavulanate?
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inhibit amoxicillin breakdown (incr drug life)
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Which class doesn't cause N/V/D?
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nitroimidazole
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Which classes interact w/ warfarin?
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sulf, macrolide, fluoro-, tet (doxy)
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fluoro-ciprofloxain blocks caffeine metabolism; warfarin
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which class has few intxn?
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lincosamides
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other drug intxns?
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Xsulf w/ methotrexate or rosiglitazone
Xmacrolide w/ digoxin + amiodorane statins. worst is clarithromycin (P450 inhibitors) |
fluoro: cipro blocks caffeine
X nitroimidazole + lithium X nitrofurantoin + Mg salts (decr effectiveness) |
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which classes are cxed w/ Pg?
which w/ young children? |
XPg: nitroimid, tet, sulf
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children/infants: sulf, tet
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other Cx?
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renal impairmt- nitrofurantoin
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which drugs treat UTIs?
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PCN, sulfonamide (uncomplicated only), fluoro, nitrofur (uncomplicated), UTI prophylaxis
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which drugs treat URIs?
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b-lactams
sulf-AOM macrolide fluoro- tet |
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which drugs treat LRIs?
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PCN-CAP
sulf-PCP macrolide-CAP fluoro- tet |
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which drugs treat STDs?
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macrolide-chlamydia
b-lactams tet |
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which drugs treat diseases of immunocompromised?
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sulf-PCP
macrolide-MAC |
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which drugs treat skin infxns?
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b-lactams, tet (acne + other skin infxns), lincosamides (acne)
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Which drug treats anthrax post exposure prophylaxis?
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cipro (fluoroquinolone)
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which treat GI infxns and BV?
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lincosamides, nitroimid
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which treat CDAD?
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nitroimid
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what allergic rxn is assoc w/ sulf?
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urticaria (hives)
stevens johnson syndrome (life-threatening) |
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