Reading8 Test #1

Front 1

*prevail

Back 1

verb
if a belief, custom, situation etc prevails, it exists among a group of people at a certain time
普及する

Front 2

memorandum

Back 2

noun
formal a memo
覚書

Front 3

*dominant

Back 3

adj., noun
more powerful, important, or noticeable than other people or things
Dominate - verb
優勢な、支配的な

Front 4

assassination

Back 4

noun
the act of murdering an important person
暗殺

Front 5

ecumenical

Back 5

adj.
supporting the idea of uniting the different branches of the Christian religion
普遍的な、世界キリスト教の

Front 6

urgent

Back 6

adj.
very important and needing to be dealt with immediately
至急の

Front 7

embody

Back 7

verb
to be a very good example of an idea or quality [= represent]
〜を具体化する

Front 8

plank

Back 8

noun
a long narrow piece of wooden board, used especially for making structures to walk on
厚い板

Front 9

herder

Back 9

noun
a parson who takes care a group of animals of one kind that live and feed together
家畜の世話をする人

Front 10

intensive

Back 10

adj.
involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time
集中的な

Front 11

*immersion

Back 11

noun
1.the action of immersing something in liquid, or the state of being immersed
2. the fact of being completely involved in something you are doing
浸水、没頭

Front 12

ambitious

Back 12

adj.
determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc
熱望して

Front 13

affinity

Back 13

noun
a strong feeling that you like and understand someone or something
親近感

Front 14

debate

Back 14

verb, noun
to discuss a subject formally when you are trying to make a decision or find a solution
討論する

Front 15

jettison

Back 15

verb
to get rid of something or decide not to do something any longer
取り除く、捨てる　（投げ荷）

Front 16

*impose

Back 16

verb
if someone in authority imposes a rule, punishment, tax etc, they force people to accept it
無理強いする

Front 17

merely

Back 17

adv.
used to emphasize how small or unimportant something or someone is [= only]
ただ単に

Front 18

penetrate

Back 18

verb
go through
to enter something and pass or spread through it, especially when this is difficult
貫通する、浸透する

Front 19

flirtation

Back 19

noun
a short period of time during which you are interested in something
浮気

Front 20

linguist

Back 20

noun
someone who is good at foreign languages, especially someone who speaks several
言語に堪能な人

Front 21

*dialect

Back 21

noun
a form of a language which is spoken only in one area, with words or grammar that are slightly different from other forms of the same language [ accent]
方言

Front 22

*laissez-faire stance

Back 22

noun
the principle that the government should allow the economy or private businesses to develop without any state control or influence
自由放任主義的なスタンス

Front 23

*link

Back 23

noun
1. a way in which two things or ideas are related to each other links between something (and something)
2. a relationship or connection between two or more people, countries, organizations etc
関連性、絆

Front 24

*site (web site)

Back 24

noun
a place where something important or interesting happened
場所

Front 25

*status

Back 25

noun
the official legal position or condition of a person, group, country etc
地位

Front 26

*designed

Back 26

design - verb
to make a drawing or plan of something that will be made or built
デザインされた

Front 27

*embarking

Back 27

embark - verb
to go onto a ship or a plane, or to put or take something onto a ship or plane
（船に）乗り込む、（冒険に）乗り出す

Front 28

*emerging

Back 28

adj.
in an early state of development
新興の、新生の

Front 29

*supplementing

Back 29

supplement - noun
something that you add to something else to improve it or make it complete
補足、補完

Front 30

*virtual

Back 30

adj.
very nearly a particular thing
実質上の、仮想の

Front 31

*widespread

Back 31

adj.
existing or happening in many places or situations, or among many people
広がった、受け入れられた

Front 32

*across the board

Back 32

adj. adv.
affecting everyone or everything in a situation or organization
全面的な、統括的な

Front 33

*bravado

Back 33

noun
behavior that is deliberately intended to make other people believe you are brave and confident
虚勢、強がり

Front 34

*familiarity

Back 34

noun
a good knowledge of a particular subject or place
良く知っている事、親しさ

Front 35

*fury

Back 35

noun
extreme, often uncontrolled anger [= rage]
激怒、憤慨

Front 36

*paralysis

Back 36

noun
the loss of the ability to move all or part of your body or feel things in it
麻痺、無気力

Front 37

*summit

Back 37

noun
1. an important meeting or set of meetings between the leaders of several governments
2. the top of a mountain [= peak]
首脳、頂上

Front 38

*deteriorate

Back 38

verb
to become worse
悪化する

Front 39

*enable

Back 39

verb
to make it possible for someone to do something, or for something to happen
〜を可能にする

Front 40

*spectacular

Back 40

adj. can be noun
very impressive
見事な、壮大な

Front 41

*sufficient

Back 41

adj.
as much as is needed for a particular purpose [= enough; ≠ insufficient]
十分な

Front 42

odious

Back 42

adj.
extremely unpleasant
憎むべき、鼻持ちならない

Front 43

amicable

Back 43

adj.
an amicable agreement, relationship etc is one in which people feel friendly towards each other and do not want to quarrel
友好的な

Front 44

ulterior

Back 44

adj.
a reason for doing something that you deliberately hide in order to get an advantage for yourself
隠された

Front 45

conceited

Back 45

adj.
someone who is conceited thinks they are very clever, skilful, beautiful etc - used to show disapproval
うぬぼれた、思い上がった

Front 46

*unscrupulous

Back 46

adj.
behaving in an unfair or dishonest way
恥知らずな

Front 47

*malicious

Back 47

adj.
very unkind and cruel, and deliberately behaving in a way that is likely to upset or hurt someone
意地の悪い

Front 48

*incredulous

Back 48

adj.
unable or unwilling to believe something
疑うような、容易に信じない

Front 49

*pleadingly

Back 49

adv.
in an emotional way that shows you very much want someone to do something
懇願して

Front 50

*itinerary

Back 50

noun
a plan or list of the places you will visit on a journey
旅行プラン

Front 51

*astonishment

Back 51

noun
complete surprise [= amazement]
信じられないような驚き