Morgan Horse 4-H Horse Science Chapters 1-5

Front 1

Cavy

Back 1

a collection of horses

Front 2

Cribbing

Back 2

Biting or setting teeth against manger or some other object while sucking air.

Front 3

Haw

Back 3

a third eyelid or membrane in front of eye, which removes foreign bodies from the eye.

Front 4

Headshy

Back 4

applied to a horse that is sensitive about the head; jerks away when touched.

Front 5

Herd Bound

Back 5

a horse that refuses to leave a group of other horses

Front 6

Pointing

Back 6

standing with a front leg extended more than normal, a sign of lameness

Front 7

Vice

Back 7

an acquired habit that is annoying, or may interfere with the horse's usefulness, such as cribbing

Front 8

Why is great versatility possessed only by the horse?

Back 8

1. anatomical structure and function.

2. speed and endurance

3. fear of being hurt

Front 9

Origin of the word eohippus.

Back 9

Greek: meaning dawn horse

Front 10

Origin of the word horse.

Back 10

Anglo-Saxon: meaning swiftness

Front 11

Monocular Vision

Back 11

the ability to see separate objects with each eye at the same time.

Front 12

Blind Spots

Back 12

the areas not in eye sight, directly behind the horse's hindquarters.

Front 13

Binocular Vision

Back 13

when looking at the same thing with both eyes at the same time. Object cannot be closer than 4 feet.

Front 14

Functions of the front feet.

Back 14

1. at rest, serve primarily to support the horse

2. in motion, they serve to pull the horse forward.

Front 15

Horse's center of gravity

Back 15

located six inches behind the elbow

Front 16

Center of motion

Back 16

located approximately over the 15th vertebra

Front 17

Basis of horse training

Back 17

horses develop a great power of association

Front 18

Bugeyed

Back 18

eye protruding; horse usually cannot see well.

Front 19

Forehand

Back 19

the fore part of a horse; the forelegs, head and shoulders

Front 20

Symmetrical

Back 20

proper balance or relationship of all parts

Front 21

Angle of the ear

Back 21

45 degrees

Front 22

Number of vertebra in neck

Back 22

7 cervical vertebrae

Front 23

Slope of shoulder

Back 23

45 degrees

Front 24

Blemish

Back 24

any mark or deformity that diminishes the beauty but not the usefulness of the horse

Front 25

Defect

Back 25

any mark or blemish that impairs usefulness; unsoundness

Front 26

Favor

Back 26

to limp slightly

Front 27

Glass Eye

Back 27

blue or whitish eye

Front 28

Sound

Back 28

free from any abnormal deviation in structure or function which interferes with the usefulness of the individual.

Front 29

Cataract

Back 29

unsoundness, cloudy or opaque appearance of the eye.

Front 30

Defective Eye

Back 30

unsoundness, impaired vision or blindness

Front 31

Poll Evil

Back 31

unsoundness, inflamed swelling of poll between ears

Front 32

Roman Nose

Back 32

blemish, undesirable outward arched profile of the nose area

Front 33

Parrot Mouth

Back 33

unsoundness, lower jaw is shorter than upper jaw

Front 34

Undershot Jaw

Back 34

unsoundness, upper jaw is shorter than lower jaw

Front 35

Ewe-Neck

Back 35

faulty conformation or dip in the neck between the poll and the withers

Front 36

Fistula of Withers

Back 36

unsoundness or blemish, inflamed swelling of the withers

Front 37

Sweeny

Back 37

unsoundness, atrophy or decrease in size of a single muscle or group of muscles, usually found in shoulder

Front 38

Shoe Boil or Capped Elbow

Back 38

blemish, soft flabby swelling at the point of the elbow

Front 39

Knee-Sprung

Back 39

over at the knees. Faulty conformation.

Front 40

Calf-Kneed

Back 40

faulty conformation

Front 41

Splint

Back 41

blemish, abnormal bony growth on the cannon or splint bones

Front 42

Wind Puff

Back 42

unsoundness, puffy swellings occurring either around the pastern or fetlock, front or back

Front 43

Bowed Tendons

Back 43

unsoundness, enlarge, stretched flexor tendons behind the cannon bones

Front 44

Ring Bone

Back 44

unsoundness, bony growth on the pastern bones

Front 45

Sidebone

Back 45

unsoundness, bony growth above and toward the rear quarter of hoof head

Front 46

Quittor

Back 46

unsoundness, fistula of the hoofhead

Front 47

Quarter Crack

Back 47

blemish, vertical split in the wall of the hoof

Front 48

Navicular Disease

Back 48

unsoundness, inflammation of small navicular bone usually inside front foot

Front 49

Founder

Back 49

unsoundness, inflammation of the sensitive laminae under the horny wall of the hoof

Front 50

Contracted Feet

Back 50

blemish, abnormal contraction of the heel

Front 51

thrush

Back 51

blemish, disease of the frog

Front 52

heaves

Back 52

unsoundness, difficult breathing, lung damage

Front 53

Roaring

Back 53

unsoundness, difficult breathing due to an obstruction, usually in the larynx

Front 54

Rupture

Back 54

unsoundness, protrusion of internal organs through the well (hernia) of the body. The umbilical or scrotal areas are the most common.

Front 55

Sway Back

Back 55

faulty conformation

Front 56

Stifled

Back 56

unsoundness, displaced patella of stifle joint

Front 57

Stringhalt

Back 57

unsoundness, nervous disorder characterized by excessive jerking of the hind leg

Front 58

Thoroughpin

Back 58

unsoundness, puffy swelling which appears on upper part of hock and in front of the large tendon

Front 59

Capped Hock

Back 59

blemish or unsoundness, enlargement on point of hock. Depends on stage of development

Front 60

Bog Spavin

Back 60

unsoundness, meaty, soft swelling occurring on inner front part of the hock

Front 61

Bone Spavin or Jack Spavin

Back 61

unsoundness, bony growth usually found on inside lower point of hock

Front 62

Curb

Back 62

unsoundness, hard swelling on back surface of rear cannon about four inches below point of hock

Front 63

Cocked Ankle

Back 63

unsoundness, usually in hind feet, horse stands bent forward, due to contracted tendons

Front 64

Blood Spavin

Back 64

blemish, swelling of vein usually below seat of bog spavin

Front 65

Anatomy

Back 65

the science of the structure of the animal body and the relation of its parts

Front 66

Angle of the Bite

Back 66

the outer angle at which the upper and lower incisors meet

Front 67

Canine Teeth

Back 67

teeth that appear in the interdental space on the male horse at 5 years of age.

Front 68

Another name for canine teeth

Back 68

tushes

Front 69

Centers

Back 69

the centrally located upper and lower incisors

Front 70

Corners

Back 70

the corner incisors or those located back and adjacent to the forward edge of the interdental space (third set of incisors.)

Front 71

Crown of the Tooth

Back 71

the top of a tooth protruding above the gum

Front 72

Cups

Back 72

the hollow space on the wearing surface of an incisor

Front 73

Dental Star

Back 73

a star shaped or circle like structure near the center of the wearing surface of the permanent incisors. Not used for accurate age determination.

Front 74

Full Mouth

Back 74

when the horse has a complete set of permanent incisors at age 5

Front 75

Incisor

Back 75

slender teeth in front used for biting grass, fee, etc.

Front 76

Four major ways to estimate age of horses by teeth.

Back 76

a. occurrence of permanent teeth

b. disappearance of cups

c. angle of incidence

d. shape of the surface of the permanent teeth

Front 77

"In Wear"

Back 77

the term for a pair of teeth when the biting surfaces are in direct contact causing wear on their surfaces

Front 78

Interdental Space

Back 78

the gum space between the incisor teeth and molar teeth

Front 79

Intermediates

Back 79

the second set of incisors located between the central and corner incisors

Front 80

Longitudinal

Back 80

(lengthwise) Parallel to the long part of the tooth.

Front 81

Molars

Back 81

rear teeth or grinding teeth of the horse generally not used to determine age, used for grinding feed

Front 82

Neck of Tooth

Back 82

the part of the tooth between the crown and root located at the surface of the gums

Front 83

Parrot Mouth

Back 83

the upper incisors overhang the lower incisors and do not properly meet and therefore cause uneven wear. Also referred to as an overshot jaw.

Front 84

Smooth Mouth

Back 84

refers to the smooth biting surface of the upper and lower incisors after the cups have disappeared at 11 years of age or older.

Front 85

Wear

Back 85

refers to the amount of use or wear observed on the biting surface of the incisors

Front 86

Wolf Teeth

Back 86

the small teeth that may appear in front of the upper molars. Generally found in male horses.

Front 87

Number of teeth in mares.

Back 87

36 permanent teeth

Front 88

Number of teeth in stallions or geldings

Back 88

40 permanent teeth (42 with wolf teeth)

Front 89

Bishoping

Back 89

the practice of trying to replace the cups located on the biting surface of the worn incisors in attempts to make a horse appear younger than it is

Front 90

Congenital

Back 90

an abnormal condition that an animal possesses at birth, such as hernia

Front 91

Dam

Back 91

the female parent of a horse

Front 92

Get

Back 92

the progeny of a stallion

Front 93

Produce

Back 93

the progeny of a mare

Front 94

Sire

Back 94

the male parent of a horse

Front 95

Chromosomes

Back 95

long, thread-like structures made of complex protein. Exist in pairs.

Front 96

Number of chromosome pairs in horses

Back 96

32

Front 97

Genes

Back 97

units of inheritance. "Brains" of the cell.