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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Puritans were a group of people who grew discontent in the Church of England and worked towards religious, moral and societal reforms.
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The Church of England had become a product of political struggles and man-made doctrines.
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The Puritans believed that the Bible was God's true law, and that it provided a plan for living.
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As Puritans immigrated and formed individual colonies, their numbers rose from 17,800 in 1640 to 106,000 in 1700.
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Religious exclusiveness was the foremost principle of their society.
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Since God was at the forefront of their minds, He was to motivate all of their actions (it worked both for them and against them).
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People of opposing theological views were asked to leave the community or to be converted.
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In principle, they emphasized conversion and not repression.
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The doctrine of predestination kept all Puritans constantly working to do good in this life to be chosen for the next eternal one.
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Since the church elders were also political leaders, any church infraction was also a social one.
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Words of hell fire and brimstone flowed from the mouths of eloquent ministers as they warned of the persuasiveness of the devil's power.
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The sermons of Jonathan Edwards, a Puritan minister, show that delivery of these sermons (the card before) became an art form.
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This constant subjection of the probability of an unseen danger led to a scandal of epidemic proportions.
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Those who were "possessed by the devil" were forced to make confessions of their evil liaisons in order to protect their families and properties from harm . (Those who denounced witchcraft thereby calling the witnesses liars were then accused themselves. In the frenzy to follow, by 1690 two hundred persons were in jail, fifty in prison and twenty executed - along with 2 dogs)
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Cotton Mather, a leader of the group, quietly led the way in bringing this crisis (witchcraft) to an end.
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The devotion they held in maintaining a religious society in isolation fueled the fire of the witchcraft scandal.
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Reading of the Bible was necessary to living a pious life.
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Three English diversions were banned in their New England colonies; drama, religious music and erotic poetry. The first and last of these led to immorality. Music in worship created a "dreamy" state which was not conducive in listening to God.
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Puritans formed the first formal school in 1635, called the Roxbury Latin School. Four years later, the first American College was established; Harvard in Cambridge. Children aged 6-8 attended a "Dame school" where the teacher, who was usually a widow, taught reading. "Ciphering" (math) and writing were low on the academic agenda.
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The Puritans were the first to write books for children, and to discuss the difficulties in communicating with them.
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The large number of people who ascribed to the lifestyle of the Puritans did much to firmly establish a presence on American soil. Bound together, they established a community that maintained a healthy economy, established a school system, and focused an efficient eye on political concerns.
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The moral character of England and America were shaped in part by the words and actions of this strong group of Christian believers called the Puritans.
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http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/puritans.html |
