More Psych

Front 1

*study observable, measurable behaviors
*behaviors produce outcomes
*the outcome determines how often the behavior will occur in the future
*strong proponents of the power of the environment to shape behavior

Back 1

behaviorism

Front 2

*physiologist
-nobel prize for his research on digestion (1904)
-dogs salivated upon the sight of the lab workers who fed them

Back 2

Pavlov

Front 3

-a stimulus that unconditionally (naturally, automatically) triggers a response
-meat powder

Back 3

unconditioned stimulus

Front 4

naturally occuring response to the UCS
-salivation (after meat powder)

Back 4

unconditioned response

Front 5

an originally neutral stimulus that, after association with a UCS, comes to trigger a conditioned response
-Bell

Back 5

conditioned stimulus

Front 6

the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus
-salivation (after bell)

Back 6

conditioned response

Front 7

-present CS repeatedly without the UCS
-the musical tone is played repeatedly with no puff of air
-gradually, the rabbit stops blinking its eye
-does not erase the association between the CS and the response

Back 7

extinction

Front 8

-the temporary return of an exstinguished response
-the response's exstinguished (tone is played with no subsequent air puff to the eye)
-many hours after the experiement, the rabbit hears a musical tone
-it blinks its eye

Back 8

spontaneous recovery

Front 9

-the extension of a conditioned response for the training stimulus to similar stimuli
-through conditioning baby hannah smiles and laughs at the title screen with dark background and white writing that precedes a funny song and cartoon on her "Marrytubbies" videotape.
-Her parents notice that she also smiles and giggles at the FBI Warning screen appearing movie videotapes.

Back 9

stimulus generalization

Front 10

the process of learning to respond differently to two stimuli because they produce two different outcomes
-gradually hannah stops laughing at the FBI Warning screen because the song and cartoon do not follow it

Back 10

stimulus discrimination

Front 11

many techniques for getting us to like certain products are also based on the principles first demonstrated by Pavlov

Back 11

advertising

Front 12

gave little Albert a furry white rat that he loved.. until when the rat was given to him someone who hit a steel rail and scare him and eventually he was afraid of the rat.

Back 12

learning fear (little albert)

Front 13

a 3 year old named Peter was ___ in which a conditioned stimulus is paired with some other stimulus that elicits a response incompatible with the unwanted response.

Back 13

unlearning fear (counterconditioning)

Front 14

the process of changing behavior by following a response with a reinforcement
-give a rat food for pressing a bar--rat will press bar repeatedly

Back 14

operant conditioning

Front 15

strengths response or makes it more likely to occur

Back 15

reinforcement

Front 16

a stimulus that is inherently reinforcing, typically satisfying a physiological need; an example is food

Back 16

primary reinforcer

Front 17

a stimulus that has acquired reinforcing porperties through association with other reinforcers

Back 17

secondary reinforcer

Front 18

weakens response or makes it less likely to occur

Back 18

punishment

Front 19

a stimulus that is inherently punishing; an example is electric shock

Back 19

primary punisher

Front 20

a stimulus that has acquired punishing porperties through association with other punishers

Back 20

secondary punisher

Front 21

a reinforcement procedure in which a response is followed by the presentation of, or increase in intensity of, a reinforcing stimulus; as a result, the response becomes strong or more likely to occur.

Back 21

positive reinforcement

Front 22

a reinforcement procedure in which a response is followed by the remocal, delay or decrease in intensity of an unpleasant stimulus, as a result, the response becomes stronger or more likely to occur.

Back 22

negative reinforcement

Front 23

your child whines until you give him a cookie
-if you stop giving him cookies, he will eventually stop whining

Back 23

extinction

Front 24

a pigeon reinforced for pecking at a picture of a circle may also peck at an oval

Back 24

stimulus generalization

Front 25

reinforce pigeon for pecking at circle and withhold reinforcement for pecking at oval.

Back 25

stimulus discrimination

Front 26

reinforcement for every response of the correct type

Back 26

continuous

Front 27

reinforcement following completion of a specific number of responses

Back 27

fixed ratio

Front 28

reinforcement for an unpredictable number of response that carries around a mean value

Back 28

variable ratio

Front 29

reinforcement for the first response that follows a given delay since the previous reinforcement

Back 29

fixed interval

Front 30

reinforcement for the first response that follows an unpreditable delay (varying around a mean value) since the previous reinforcement.

Back 30

variable interval

Front 31

use successice approximations
-instincitve drift

Back 31

shaping

Front 32

-applied behavior analysis

Back 32

behavior modification

Front 33

-administered inconsisently
-administered inappropriately/mindlessly
-not administered immediately
-recipient has negative reations and generalizes to entire situation
-effectiveness temporary
-does not convery information about what to do correctly
-punishment may accidentally be reinforcing

Back 33

when punishment fails

Front 34

given indiscriminately (not earned)
-given for activities that are already enjoyed (overjustification effect)
*intrinsic reinforcers
*extrinisic reinforcers

Back 34

when reinforcement fails

Front 35

learning through observation/imiatation/modeling
-bobo doll study (Bandura)

Back 35

social learning