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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The work of scientists usually begins with
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careful observation
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A hypothesis
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may be disproved by a single experiment
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Hypotheses may arise from
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prior knowledge, logical inferences, informed, creative imagination
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In science, a hypothesis is useful only if
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it can be tested
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A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test
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a single variable
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This connective tissue surrounds organs and protects and insulates the organ
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Adipose
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This epithelial tissue lines the urinary tract and allows for expansion with no diffusion
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Transitional
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This muscle tissues branches and does not have striations
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Smooth
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4. The division of the nervous system that picks up info from the environment and transports it to the brain
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Sensory
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Tendons are made from this type of connective tissue
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Dense fibrous connective tissue
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What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?
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Axial and Appendicular
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Where do you find spongy bone
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Ends of long bones and all flat bones
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This joint can be found in only one place in the body.
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Saddle Joint
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These structures connect bone to bone
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Ligaments
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What is the process that explains a muscle contraction, or another name for a muscle contraction?
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Ratchet Theory
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What is the handle that the myosin heads attach to during muscle contraction
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Calcium
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What is the section of a myofibril that is from Z-line to Z-line called
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Sarcomere
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13. This protein fiber attaches to the z-lines and pulls them towards the center during a contraction
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Actin
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This muscle tissue branches and has striations
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Cardiac
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If you are asked to give bone marrow to your relative they would gather it from what general type of bones
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Flatbones
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What connective tissue is found at the end of all long bones
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Hyaline Cartilage
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What are the four cavities of the body
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a. Cranial
b. Thoracic c. Abdominopelvic d. Spinal |
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This type of epithelial tissue makes up the skin and prevents materials from entering the body
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Stratified squamus
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What are the names of the first two cervical vertebrae
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Atlas and Axis
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A hole found in a bone that allows for blood vessels and nerves to pass is called a
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Foramen
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Where do you find the medullary cavity and what do you find inside of it
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Shaft of long bones and it contains yellow marrow
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These groups of muscles cause bones to come closer together during contraction
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Flexors
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The thick protein fibers found in the myofibrils are called?
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Myosin
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This connective tissue supplies food to the cells
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Blood
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What are the three major categories of joints
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a. Immovable
b. Slightly moveable c. Freely movable |
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one of a network of tubes running through compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves
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Haversian canals
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soft tissue within the cavities of bone with two types, yellow and red
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Bone marrow
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strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
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Cartilage
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process of bone formation in which cartilage is replaced with bone
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Ossification
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connect muscle to bone
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Tendon
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hard outer part of all bones
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Compact bone
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where the yellow marrow is found in the shaft of long bones
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Medullary cavity
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where two bones come together and each bone gives you half of a hole which gives you a hole together
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Formina
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inside the bone
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Endosteum
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Chondrocytes
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cells that make cartilage
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cells that make bone
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Osteocytes
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painful inflammation of freely movable joints.
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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a disorder that causes the degeneration of cartilage that covers the surfaces of bones
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Osteoarthritis
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The body has four basic kinds of tissues
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epithelial, nervous, connective, and muscle tissues
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line most body surfaces and protects other tissues from damage and dehydration
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Epithelial tissue
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consists of nerve cells (neurons) which carry information throughout the body
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Nervous tissue
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support, protect ,and insulate the body
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connective tissue
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• Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli
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Nervous System
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carry impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the cell body
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Dendtrites
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the long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body
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Axon
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an insulating membrane around the axon in some axons
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Myelin Sheath
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gaps in the where the axon membrane is exposed
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Nodes
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the electrical charge across the cell membrane of a neuron in its resting state
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Resting Potential
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The change of charges when the impulse is added
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Depolarization
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a reversal of charges from negative to positive also called a nerve impulse
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Action Potential
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the minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron
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Threshold
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the location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell
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Synapse
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chemicals used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell
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Neurotransmitters
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relays messages, processes information, and analyzes information
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Central Nervous System
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three layers of connective tissue that the brain and spinal cord are wrapped in
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Meningies
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bathes the brain and spinal cord and acts as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system also allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and nervous tissue
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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the largest and most prominent region of the human brain and is responsible for the voluntary activities of the body
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Cerebrum
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the second largest region which is located at the back of the skull and commands muscle movement and helps to balance the actions of the body
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Cerebellum
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connects the brain and spinal cord
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Brain Stem
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receives messages from all of the sensory receptors throughout the body and then relays the information to the proper region of the cerebrum for further processing
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Thalamus
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the control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature
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Hypathalamus
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a quick, automatic response to a stimulus like sneezing and blinking or when in danger
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Reflex
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regulates activities that are under conscious control, such as the movement of the skeletal muscles
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Somatic Nervous System
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includes a sensory receptor, sensory, neuron, motor neuron, and effector
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Relfex arc
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regulates activities that are autonomic or involuntary
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Autonimc Nervous System
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Five Categories of Sensory Receptors
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o Pain Receptors
o Thermoreceptors o Mechanorecptors o Chemoreceptors o Photoreceptors |
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located in the middle of the iris and is a small opening that says how much light enters the eyes
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Pupil
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located just behind the iris and contains the photoreceptors that convert light energy into nerve impulses that are carried to the central nervous system
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Lens
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extremely sensitive to light, but they do not distinguish different colors
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Rods
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less sensitive than rods, but they do respond to light of different colors, producing color vision
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Cones
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located within the inner ear just about the cochlea are three tiny canal at right angles to one another, they help you stay in balance
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Semiciruclar Canals
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Taste Buds
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salty, bitter, sweet, and sour
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impulse releases them causing vesicles to migrate down to SB membrane which they then dissolve
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Calcium
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at end of Axon terminal
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Synaptic bulbs
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storage unites for neurotransmitter, inside synaptic bulbs
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Synaptic Vesicles
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space between synaptic bulb and next cell
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Synaptic cleft
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comes into play when in danger such as in fight or flight and in reflexes
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White
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averge, normal, every day ones
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Grey
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grey matter on the inside white matter on the outside
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Spinal Cord
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white matter on the inside grey matter on the outside
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Brain
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where a bunch of nerve tracks come together
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Ganglions
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back
Dorsal Root Nerve Impulses move towards the spinal cord Sensory |
Dorsal
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front
Ventral Root Nerve Impulses move away from spinal cord Motor |
Ventral
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connect the two tracks
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Interneuron
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pick up impulses
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Receptors
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spot that impulse is effecting such as muscles, bone, or other organs
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Effectors
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Deep groves separating cerebrum from cerebellum
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fissures
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Where higher level thinking skills happen
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Cerbreal Cortex
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4 Lobes of the Brain
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Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital
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Groves
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Auricle
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hole
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Auditory canal
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Tympanum
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Ear drum
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rests up against the tympanum, transfers to next bone
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Malleus (hammer)
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transfers to next bone
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Incus (anvil)
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a lining on the back inner surface of the eye that consists of photoreceptors and neurons.
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retina
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spot on retina where vision will be most clear
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Fovea Centralis
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