More Adrenergic Stuff

Front 1

Name 2 reasons to use botox.

Back 1

1-to fix dystonias
2- Alzheimers

Front 2

What are 2 drugs used to slow down alzheimer's. These can obviously cross the BBB.

Back 2

1- galanthamine
2- rivastigmine

Front 3

Which type of channel is required for an all-or-none transmission in the sympathetic post-ganglion nerve. what channel does this channel then open?

Back 3

Na-channel -------> Ca channel

Front 4

____ transport takes place in the storage of NE in the granules.

Back 4

active, but the concentration in the granules is higher than in the cytoplasm.

Front 5

What 2 enzymes are responsible for destroying NE?

Back 5

1- Monoamineoxidases (MAO)
2- catechol-o-methyltransferase

Front 6

The highest concentration of COMT is found in the _____.

Back 6

Liver

Front 7

How is 70-80% of the NE released into the cleft removed?

Back 7

It is taken back up into the outer terminal membrane.

Front 8

What are 2 drugs that inhibit NE from being taken back up in the nerve terminal?

Back 8

1- cocaine
2- tricyclic antidepressants

Front 9

Describe the purpose and the mechanism of the auto-receptor of NE.

Back 9

It regulates it's own release. When NE binds it causes cAMP to form and open K channels--this causes hyperpolarization. B/c of this Ca channels wont open and thus the nerve-induced release of NE doesnt happen.

Front 10

What is the name of the NE auto-receptor?

Back 10

alpha-2

Front 11

Which is more potent...Phenylephrine or NE/epi?

Back 11

NE/epi

Front 12

The ______ mechanism plays a role in modulating HR, SAP, and PR

Back 12

baroreceptor

Front 13

systole represents ______ of the ventricles.

Back 13

contractility

Front 14

T or F; Systolic pressure increases MORE that dyastole in response to NE binding?

Back 14

True

Front 15

NE binds to ____ receptors causing and ____ in peripheral resistance.

Back 15

alpha-1, increase

Front 16

ALERT: NE binding to B-1 receptors in the heart causes ______. WHY?

Back 16

BRADYcardia, b/c the baroreceptor mechanism kicks in.

Front 17

Where are the baroreceptors?

Back 17

aortic arch and carotid artery

Front 18

Even though the bradycardia from NE happens due to the baroreceptor mechanism--what specifically happens?

Back 18

The increase in PR causes the baroreceptors to be extra sensitive and this causes increased autonomic conduction through the vagus nerve delivering Ach to the SA node

Front 19

What effect does NE have on PR and blood pressure?

Back 19

increases both

Front 20

What effect does epi. have on PR. What receptors are epi. binding to in the blood vessels.

Back 20

LOWERS PR, B-2 receptors

Front 21

EPi. causes ______ which is a _____ in heart rate.

Back 21

tachycardia, increase (different from NE)

Front 22

Isoproterenol is _____, and act on __ receptors.

Back 22

nonselective, Beta

Front 23

Which gives you a greater rise in HR? epi, or isoproterenol?

Back 23

isoproterenol (direct B-1 effect)

Front 24

Phenylephrine is specific for _____.

Back 24

alpha-1

Front 25

Phenylephrine causes ______ due to the baroreceptor mechanism.

Back 25

bradycardia (same as NE)

Front 26

NE causes an ______ in SAP, and a ______ of pulse pressure.

Back 26

increase, widening

Front 27

In Epi, there is a ______ n diastole and a _____ of the pulse pressure similiar to the use of NE.

Back 27

slight drop, widening

Front 28

Isproterenol has the same effects as ________ on SAP. Explain it.

Back 28

epi. slight drop in diastole, widening of pulse pressure

Front 29

Explain the changes in SAP with the use of phenylephrine. it causes a ____ in PR.

Back 29

Systole and diastole rise together-- so no widening of the pulse pressure (the only one), phenylephrine causes a rise in PR.

Front 30

Phenylephrine is most popularly use for _____.

Back 30

nasal decongestion

Front 31

Phenylephrine promotes ______(in blood vessels) and is use with a local anesthetic.

Back 31

vasocontriction

Front 32

Clonidine is an ______ used in the _____ to reduce sympathetic outflow out into the periphery.

Back 32

alpha-2 agonist, CNS

Front 33

______ is an alpha-2 agonist used in the CNS.

Back 33

Clonidine

Front 34

Use Clonidine if the patient is _______.

Back 34

hypertensive

Front 35

______ is a B-agonist and can be used to treat cardiac decompensation.

Back 35

Dobutamine

Front 36

Dobutamine is a _____.

Back 36

B1-agonist

Front 37

T or F: prolonged use of Dobutamine will cause down-regulation of B receptors.

Back 37

true

Front 38

Name 2 B-2-selective agonists. Can these bind to B-1 at higher concentrations?

Back 38

1- terbutaline
2- albuterol
YES

Front 39

What are the B-2 selective agonist a first line of therapy for?

Back 39

Asthma, emphesema, bronchospasm

Front 40

What are 5 side-effects assoiciated with the use of B-2 agonists?

Back 40

1- nervousness
2=headache
3- tachycardia
4-palpitations
5- tremor

Front 41

What other drug can be used to treat asthma (besides albuterol)? Can you use them together?

Back 41

Ipratropium (antimuscarinic)
yes

Front 42

Do alpha blocking agents have any affinity for B-receptors?

Back 42

no

Front 43

_______ is a highly-selective, reversible alpha-antagonist used to treat HTN and benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Back 43

Prazosin

Front 44

Prazosin is an _____ and is used to treat ___ and ___.

Back 44

alpha-antagonist, HTN and benign prostatic hypertrophy

Front 45

______ are used to treat HTN.

Back 45

B-blockers

Front 46

Name 7 clinical uses for a B-blocker.

Back 46

1- antihypertensive
2- antiarrhythmic
3- antianginal
4- hyperthyroidism
5- open-angle glaucoma
6- anxiety
7-migraine

Front 47

What is a B-blocker doing when it controls angina?

Back 47

it is reducing the myocardial oxygen demand. (the person cant really do any moderate exercise anymore)

Front 48

A B-blocker will control the _____ (heart rate) associated with hyperthyroidism.

Back 48

tachycardia

Front 49

______ is the eye drop that blocks the B-receptor responsible for aqueous humor production.

Back 49

Timolol

Front 50

Timolol can be used to treat _____.

Back 50

open angle glaucoma

Front 51

Performing artists can take a ___ to control anxiety and tremor.

Back 51

B-blocker

Front 52

Name 5 B-antagonists (blockers)

Back 52

1- propanolol
2-atenolol
3-metoprolol
4-labetolol
5-carvedilol

Front 53

Which B- blocker causes the most CNS side-effects? If it goes into the CNS--this means it is ______.

Back 53

propanolol, lipophilic

Front 54

Which 2 B-blockers are specific for B-1?

Back 54

1-atenolol and metoprolol

Front 55

Which 2 B-blockers when given at HIGH doses also has alpha-1 affinity?

Back 55

1-labetolol
2- carvedilol

Front 56

______ is given for crisis HTN.

Back 56

Labetolol

Front 57

What happens when you abruptly withdrawal the B-blocker therapy.

Back 57

supersensitivity b/c receptor upregulation

Front 58

What is the usual warning sign to a diabetic that their sugar is too low (hypoglycemic)? How is this affected with a B-blocker>

Back 58

Tachycardia,
the B-blocker will stop tachycardia

Front 59

What are 3 side-effects assoiscated with propranolol?

Back 59

1-insomnia
2-depression
3- hallucinations