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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most important virtue for Epicureans?
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Prudence
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What is happiness according to Stoics/Kantians?
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Fulfilling your duty
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According to Democritus what is the universe made up of?
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Atoms
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Kantianism's beliefs
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must act rationally
must do duty only do things everyone else should do |
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Hedonic Calculus
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Happiness and pain= each other
A person decides to do the action is there is more pleasure, if there is more pain the person would not do the action. |
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Deontology/ Kantianism
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If it is rational, it is right, consequences do not matter, what is most important is fulfilling your duty
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Kant's formula for decision making
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Dont use people as a means toward your end
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Kant Vs. Utilitarianism for death penalty
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Kant believes in an eye for an eye
punishment should equal the crime Utilitarian believes in deterrance using people as examples |
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Hedonism/Utilitarianism
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Golden Rule
Best Happiness for majority ends justify the means |
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Natural Laws
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right if its natural
wrong if its not natural |
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Divine Command theory
and issues presented |
Whatever God loves is good and everything else is bad. How do we determine what is good, or if God loves it?
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Two possible ways of justifying capital punishment
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deterrance (utility)
retribution (kant) |
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Animal rights
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Kant (use for food, be nice to stay rational)
Utility (have rights because animals have feelings ) |
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Contractual Justice
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Having a contract binding two people that is written out and not under duress
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Principle of Justice
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Treating everyone as equal and of intrinsic value
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Aristotles formula of formal justice
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treat equal as equal and unequals as unequals in accordance with their differences
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retributive justice
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Giving out punishment where it is deserved, only the guilty are punished
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distributive justice
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How benefits are distributed in society
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Veil of ignorance
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Making a decision based on the belief that you dont know what race, sex, status you will have after the decision is made.
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Justice and Agape Love
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Love directs justice
Justice and love work together to better humanity. |
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Aristotle's virtues
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Wisdom, Courage, Moderation
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Aristotle's best life?
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Life of Contemplation
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State of Nature
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State of war, no government
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Meta ethics
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analyzation of ethical language
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Three classes of society and their parts of the soul
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craftsmen= appetitive
soldiers= spirited rulers= rational |
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Hobbes, Lockes and Rousseau's view on human nature and govt
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Hobbes= hates society, monarchy
Lockes= people have rational impulses, Democracy Rousseau= people are good, communistic community |
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Cultural differences
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we are all right in accordance to our separate values, religions and beliefs
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Social Contract
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giving up certain rights in order to have a government and peace
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emotivism
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ethical statements are only expressions of emotion
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virtues in the soul
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wisdom=rational
courage=spirited moderation=appetitive |
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Concrete and Generalized other
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Concrete other= viewing people as individuals, care
Generalized other= all people are rational, justice |
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Socrates believes
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everyone should do what they are best suited to do
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Virtue is
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the mean between extremes
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Euthanasia is
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painless bringing about death to a person in endless suffering
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Active vs. passive euthanasia
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active is killing someone through lethal drugs, passive is someone declining life support
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Voluntary vs. unvoluntary euthanasia
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voluntary if patient concents to death
unvoluntary if patient doesnt give concent or family does |
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sanctity of life vs right to life
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sanctity= life is gift from God
right= it is my right to choose life or death |
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Conditions for euthanasia
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not likely to be cured
in pain no other options asks for death |
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Realism
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War is unavoidable
We are in it to win it! |
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Pacifism
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Anti war, always favor peace, killing is always wrong
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Just war theory
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Justice before war, during war (only attack enemy) after war help rebuild country and make peace settlement
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Just War
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war is reality , but how can we make it as moral as possible?
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Cartesian dualism
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I am a mind, not a body
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Human beings
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evolved animals
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Poverty in terms of Kant and Utilitarianism
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Kant: We must do our duty
Utility= must pass it out equally to all people |
