Mood Disorders Part 1

Front 1

emotion

Back 1

state of arousal defined by subjective feeling states (e.g. sadness, anger, disgust) should last a few hours or minutes, elicited by an event, and is a physiological response

Front 2

affect

Back 2

pattern of observable behaviors associated with emotions

Front 3

mood

Back 3

pervasive and sustained emotional state

Front 4

psychomotor agitation

Back 4

a feeling of inner tension, or someone can't sit still

Front 5

"Depression"

Back 5

depressed, with feelings such as sadness, disappointment and despair

Front 6

clinical depression

Back 6

a syndrome, including a combination of emotional, cognitive, somatic, and behavioral symptoms

Front 7

anhedonia

Back 7

someone doesn't experience positive feelings/enjoyment whith things they used to

Front 8

a feeling that is key in diagnosing clinical depression

Back 8

worthlessness

Front 9

psychomotor retardation

Back 9

so lethargic and depressed that people can't move

Front 10

the symptoms, 5 of which have to be present during a 2 week period for an episode to be considered a Major Depressive Episode

Back 10

1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
2. Markedly Diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
3. Significant weight loss or weight gain (when not dieting)
4.Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day
6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive/inappropriate guilt
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
9. Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

Front 11

the minimum number of symptoms that must be present in order for an episode to be considered a major depressive episode

Back 11

5 or more

Front 12

the amount of time symptoms must last in order for an episode to be considered a major depressive episode

Back 12

2 weeks

Front 13

manic episode

Back 13

a distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least 1 week

Front 14

symptoms of a manic episode

Back 14

1. Inflated self-esteem
2. Decreased need for sleep
3. More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking
4. Flight of ideas or experience of racing thoughts
5. Distractability
6. Increased goal-directed activity or agitation
7. Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities with high risk for negative consequences

Front 15

the minimum number of symptoms that must be present for an episode to be considered a manic episode

Back 15

3

Front 16

hypo-manic episode

Back 16

a manic episode that is shorter than 7 days, but in which the person cannot hear voices

Front 17

Double Depression

Back 17

co-occuring MDD and Dysthymic disorder, Dysthymic Disorder before and after

Front 18

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Back 18

at least one major depressive episode with no manic or unequivocal hypomanic episodes (if they do experience one, it is either bipolar 1 or 2)

Front 19

Dysthymic Disorder

Back 19

depressed mood for at least 2 years, in which the subject is never without these symptoms for more than 2 months during this 2 year period, with no major depressive episode during the first 2 years; chronically, mildly depressed mood, almost like their personality, it can start early in life so they feel it's normal, lasts at least 2 years

Front 20

Bipolar I Disorder

Back 20

One or more manic episodes

Front 21

Bipolar II Disorder

Back 21

One or more major depressive episodes, at least one hypomanic episode, with no manic episodes (although it is possible to have a hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode concurrently)

Front 22

Hypomanic episode

Back 22

a period of euphoric, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least 4 days, 3 or more symptoms of mania, but if the mood is irritable, they need 4. there is a change of functioning but not so much that it disrupts normal functioning; very ego syntonic, the subject can't show any psychotic symptoms

Front 23

Cyclothymic Disorder

Back 23

for at least 2 years, repeated periods with hypomanic and depressive symptoms; not without symptoms for more than 2 months at a time; no major depressive episodes or manic episodes during first 2 years of the disturbance

Front 24

Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder

Back 24

when a person experiences four or more mood swings or episodes in a twelve-month period.

Front 25

Common comorbid disorders of depression

Back 25

alcohol and substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders

Front 26

Differential Diagnosis

Back 26

differentiation of a disorder from other disorders that have some similar presenting characteristics

Front 27

Disorders that MDD must be differentiated from

Back 27

-Bipolar I and II disorder or cyclothymia
-Mood disorder due to a general medical condition
-substance-induced mood disorder

Front 28

other differential diagnoses for MDD

Back 28

Schizoaffective disorder (the presence of psychotic symptoms in the absence of mood changes for at least 2 weeks in a patient who has a mood disorder); Schizophrenia (negative symptoms-lack of will to care for oneself, selectively mute, catatonic); dementia (a gradual worsening of cognitive functioning-can't improve); Alzheimer's; Adjustment disorder with Depressed mood (abnormal, severe reaction to an identifiable life stressor); Bereavement; cerebral vascular-mini-strokes over time; pseudodementia (a condition that presents as cognitive impairment, but mood reactivity (improvements), aware of the deterioration; can improve)

Front 29

Prevalence for MDD

Back 29

Lifetime: 17%
Annual: 5-10%

Front 30

Prevalence of Bipolar I or II

Back 30

Annual: 1.5%
Lifetime: 4%

Front 31

Ethnic Group with highest rates of depression

Back 31

Native Americans

Front 32

percentage of all suicides that are caused by or accompanied by a mood disorder

Back 32

50%

Front 33

percentage of all patients with mood disorders who will eventually kill themselves

Back 33

15-20%

Front 34

in the U.S., ________ people attempt suicide/year, with ____% successful

Back 34

300,000; 10%

Front 35

a key factor in identifying suicidal individuals

Back 35

feelings of hopelessness

Front 36

Risk Factors for suicide

Back 36

-Family history/suicide in the family
-Neurobiology (low serotonin levels/impulsivity--particularly violent) 5-HT
-Existing psychological disorders (as many as 60% associated with mood disorder)
-Alcohol use and abuse
-Past Suicidal Behavior
-Experience of a shameful or humiliating stressor/natural disaster, rejection, abuse
-Publicity about suicide and media coverage

Front 37

Shneidman

Back 37

suicide researcher, did a lot with family history/suicide in the family

Front 38

Disease Burden

Back 38

the impact of a health problem in an area measured by financial cost, mortality, and morbidity

Front 39

disorder with the largest percentage of total disease burden of mortality and disability in economically developed countries

Back 39

unipolar major depression (at 6.8%)

Front 40

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Back 40

recurrent winter depression characterized by oversleeping, overeating, and irritability, and relieved by the arrival of spring or by light therapy