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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hematopoiesis |
complex of sequence of events in which pluripotential stem cells first commit to either a lymphoid or myeloid lineage and then develop into terminally mature cells |
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What are the stages of the normal myeloid maturation |
stem cell CD34 DR CD117 myeloblast CD34 DR CD117 CD13 CD33 promyelocyte CD13 CD33 CD117 myelocyte CD13 CD33 metamyelocyte CD13 CD33 band CD13 CD33 neutrophil CD13 maybe CD33 |
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How does malignancy occur |
an unknown complex of sequence of events in which an abnormal stem cell proliferates forming a mutant cell that has the full capability of survival with or without the ability of differentian or maturation |
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Clonal disease |
clone has a common genetic abnormality but may have variable cytomorph and immunophenotypic features |
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Acute myeloid leukemia |
myeloblast is the precursor where mutation occurs
arrest in the blast stage then need other mutations to trigger proliferation
mutation can arise in different stages before mautration |
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chronic myelogenous leukemia |
philadelphia chromosome resulting in tyrosine kinase oncogene being activated and results in major differences in the number of granulocytes |
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How do we dx malignant cells |
cytomorph, and histomorph
cytogenetis and molecular diagnostics for dx |
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Cytogenetics |
freeze dividing cells in metaphase and stain with geisma stain in which dark bands are those that take up A/T region |
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FISH |
fresh or formalin fixed cells in metaphase or interphase
use a molecular probe for a specific gene region |
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What are some of the genetic abnormalities of hematologic malignancies |
loss or gain of whole or segment chromosomes
rearrangments of the genetic material resulting in structural chromsomal changes,
fusion/translocated genes resulting in functional or biological pathway changes
point muts; resulting in dysfunctional or hyperactive uncontrollable proteins |
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What are the genetic abnormalities seen in AML |
cytogenetic abnormalities detected at diagnosis represent the most relevant prognostic factors affecting survival
POOR OUTCOME t9;11 p22;q23 t(6;9) (p23;q34) |
