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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are some possible adverse effects due to improper probe preparation?
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1) spread of infecteous disease
2)chemical irritation of the vagina 3)latex allergy 4)lubricant effects sperm motility |
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what should the depth be for TVS?
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8-10 cm
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what is a good landmark when assessing transducer position?
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the bladder
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what is the frequency used for transvaginal ultrasound
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5-7.5 mHz
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differentiate btw simple and complex cysts?
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simple: have no septae, and are thin walled
complex:septations and may exibit ragged edges |
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what is an absess?
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anechoic or hypoechoic avoid mass that hass thick irregular walls, and posterior enhancement
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describe the changes in a hematoma with time?
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immediately-anechoic
hours to days-echogenic several days-increased complexity due to celllar lysis |
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What are the qualities of a fibroid?
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-hypoechoic "whorled"
-asymptomatic unless they are large -can be removed -more common with dark skin -grow with estrogen increase -none seen in monopause -cause urinary frequency in some patients |
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What are some origins of masses in the pelvis?
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ovary, uterus, other adjacent structures
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What are 3 types of solid masses?
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-homogenous echotexture
-inhomogenous echotexture -calcifications(fibroids, teratomas) -well circumscibed -infiltating |
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What are some ancillary findings, and their properties?
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-calcifications:teratoma or fibroids
-ascites(suggests malignancy) -liver mets(keep looking) -Local invasion -clinical |
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where are arcuate vessels often visualized?
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along the uterine periphery.
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Where are the ovaries located?
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lateral to the uterus and anteromedial to the iliac periphery.
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What happens to ovaries after menopause?
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they become isoechoic due to the parametril tissue and may be difficult to detect
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when are fallopian tubues visualized?
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when surrounded by fluid or distended by fliud
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What are the advantages of TVS?
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-empty bladder
-evaluation of difficult(obese and gaseous)patients -increased tissue characterization of pelvic structes -greater definition in early obstetrics |
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what are some indications that cause for TVS?
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-uterine mass
ectopic preganancy thretened abortion follicle monotoring adnexial mass intrauterine pathology CVS postmenopausal vaginal bleeding |
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CVS
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chorionic villus sampling-provides genetic karyotype
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what are the disadvantages of CVS?
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-limited FOV
-fluid in bladder causes artifact -may not show entire event of lg mass -vagina not seen |
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What are some contraindications for TVS?
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-patient refusal
-lack of patient pain tolerence -age(premenarchal&menopausal) -virginity -small vaginal canal -ruptured membranes in obstetrical patient |
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What position are patients placed in for TVS?
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lithotomy: butt elevated, hips and ankles flexed.
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why is the butt elevated for TVS?
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to provide greater transducer mobility.
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What happens when the transducer is advanced in TVS?
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the fundus is seen
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what happens when the transducer is withdrawn slightly?
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the cervix is viewed
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what does dysmenorrhea mean?
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painful menses
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menorrhea?
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abnormally heavy or long periods
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amenorrhea?
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absence or abnormal cessation of menses
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metrorrhagia?
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irregular uterine bleeding
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menometrorragia
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excessive bleeding; irregular
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Dyspareunia
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pain with intercourse
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oligomennorrhea
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abnormally light periods
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dysfunctional bleeding
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bleeding outside period; unscheduled
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what are some cuases for dehydration of patients/
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exercise prior to appointment
-nausea -diarrhea -dieting -pre-op fasting |
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what is the endometrium evaluated for?
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thickness, focal lesions, and fluid content
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what is the adnexia?
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space outside of the uterus and vagina where the fallopian tube and ovaries lie
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what are some resons why patients could fill their bladders/
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-UTI
-Postpartum weakness -incontinence -dehydration |
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what is the endometrial thickness at the menstrating phase?
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2-4mm
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what is the endometrial thickness at the proliferative phase?
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4-8mm
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what is the endometrial thickeness at the secretory phase?
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7-14 mm
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what is the endometrial thickness at the postmenopausal phase?
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less than 8mm
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what is the endometrail thickenss postmenopausal during atrophy and abnormally?
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atrophy-4mm
abnormally--greater than 8 mm |
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what is the endometrial thickeness postmenopausal bleeding + HRT?
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normal-less than 4mm
equivical-4-8mm anormal-greater than 8mm |
