Module Test 2 Set 3

Front 1

Complications in n/v w/ kids (5)

Back 1

1)dehydration
2)aspiration
3)malnutrition
4)electrolyte or acid/base abnormalities
5)mallory-weiss (esophageal tears)

Front 2

n/v treatment goals (4)

Back 2

1)id underlying cause
2)acute vomiting may require eval/hospitaliztion
3)prevent n/v w/o adverse effects
4)goals differ w/ simple vs. complex

Front 3

Nonpharmacologic treatment of motion sickness n/v (3)

Back 3

1)improve ventilation
2)avoid fixing vision
3)avoid reading

Front 4

Nonpharmacologic treatment of dyspepsia (3)

Back 4

1)stress reduction
2)wt loss
3)avoid precipitating factors

Front 5

Nonpharmacologic treatment of food poisoning (2)

Back 5

1)bland diet
2)counsel on dehydration

Front 6

Nonpharmacologic treatment of medication induced n/v (3)

Back 6

1)alter dose/drug
2)take w/ food
3)change time of admin

Front 7

Nonpharmacologic treatment of viral gastroenteritis in kids (2)

Back 7

1)correct dehydration**
2)use ORS (oral replacement solution) in mild cases

Front 8

NonRx therapies mainly control n/v of what causes (3) and are appropriate to...

Back 8

1)motion sickness
2)pregnancy
3)mild infectious disease

relieve symptoms of occasional self-limiting n/v

Front 9

Exclusion of self-care on NonRx for adults (4)

Back 9

1)high blood glc w/ signs of dehydration
2)severe ab pain
3)stiff neck
4)blood in vomit

Front 10

Exclusion of self-care on NonRx for kids (4)

Back 10

1)signs of dehydration
2)less than 1 yo
3)no urination in past 8-12hrs
4)weight loss

Front 11

Antihistamine NonRx
a)mechanism
b)indication
c)adverse effects (4)

Back 11

a)block incr histamine levels in brain, cross BBB to depress labyrinth excitability
b)motion sickness
c)drowsy, anticholinergic effects, paradoxical stimulatory rxns, neuropsychiatric rxns

Front 12

Antihistamine NonRx and age limits (3) and use in pregnancy

Back 12

1)diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate (2+)
2)cyclicine (6+)
3)meclizine (12+)

NONE are CI, but none work for NVP

Front 13

Antacids
a)mechanism
b)indications (4)
c)side effects (4)

Back 13

a)neutralize acidity, incr pH of stomach and duodenum
b)heartburn, dyspepsia, acid/indigestion, upset stomach
c)diarrhea (Mg), constipation (Al), sodium overload, exacerbation of renal insufficiency

Front 14

Antacid interactions (2)

Back 14

1)impair absorption of many meds
2)space meds 2hrs b4/after antacid

Front 15

H2 receptor antagonists
a)mechanism
b)indications (3)
c)adverse effects (3)
c)

Back 15

a)competitive inhibit gastric acid secretion by blocking parietal cells
b)heartburn, dyspepsia, indigestion
c)diarrhea/constipation, HA, lethargy

Front 16

Phosphorate carbohydrate solutions
a)mechanism
b)indications (4)
c)adverse effects (4)

Back 16

a)hyperosmolar solutions act on GI to reduce smooth muscle contraction
b)nausea, upset stomach, nvp, motion sickness
c)ab pain, diarrhea, watch for fructose intolerance, watch in DM due to high glc

Front 17

Complementary n/v products (2)

Back 17

1)Acupressure wristbands
2)ginger

Front 18

Ginger
a)is as effective as...
b)recognized as...

Back 18

a)metoclopramide
b)GRAS

Front 19

ORS (oral rehydration solutions)
a)mechanism
b)indications

Back 19

a)mimic extracellular fluid losses, active glc absorption promotes Na abosrption and rapid replacement of extracellular fluid
b)mild to moderate dehydration due to vomiting and/or diarrhea

Front 20

Phosphorate carbohydrate solutions
a)mix of... (3)
b)ex: (3)

Back 20

a)fructose, glc, phosphoric acid
b)emetrol, lemon mint liquid, rekamatol

Front 21

Treating kids w/ nonRx antiemetics?

Back 21

controversial b/c studies done in adults, v may represent host defense mechanism

Front 22

Antihistamine used for n/v (notice which are Rx/OTC) (4)

Back 22

1)diphenhydramine (OTC)
2)hydroxyzine (Rx)
3)scopolamine (Rx)
4)Trimethobrnzamide (Rx)

Front 23

Psychoactive's used for antiemesis (3)

Back 23

1)phenothiazines
2)butyrophenones
3)serotonin subtype 3 antagonists

Front 24

Phenothiazines
a)mechanism
b)indication
c)side effects (3)

Back 24

a)block dopamine receptors in CTZ
b)antiemetic w/ chemo
c)anticholinergic, extrapyridamil, sedation

Front 25

Butyrophenones
a)mechanism
b)indication
c)side effects (2)

Back 25

a)block dopamine stimulation in CTZ
b)postop
c)sedation, dystonic parkinsonism

Front 26

Serotonin subtype 3 antagonists
a)mechanims
b)indication
c)side effects (0)

Back 26

a)block serotonin receptors in postrema and along vagal afferent nerves in GI
b)chemo, postop n/v, NOT FOR MOTION SICKNESS

Front 27

Phenothiazines ex (3)

Back 27

a)thorazine
b)compazine
c)phenergan

Front 28

Butyrophenones ex (2 and special thing about one)

Back 28

1)halodol
2)inapsine (droperidol) (see parksonisn w/ this)

Front 29

Serotonin subtype 3 antagonists ex: (3)

Back 29

1)END IN -SETRON
2)ondansetron
3)granisetron

Front 30

Prokinetic Agents
a)mechanism
b)ADR's (6)
c)ex

Back 30

a)blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ
b)restless, drowsy, fatigue, nausea, EPS, diarrhea
c)metoclopramide

Front 31

Prevention treatment of anticipatory n/v (3)

Back 31

1)anxiolytic agents
2)antiemetic agents
3)relaxation techniques (hypnosis/behavioral mod)

Front 32

Most important step in antiemetic prophylaxis

Back 32

preventing the first episode of n/v

Front 33

Diarrhea def (5)

Back 33

1)incr freq and liquid stool
4)rectal urgency
5)encopresis

Front 34

Encopresis?***

Back 34

liquid stool going around a GI obstruction

Front 35

Diarrhea incidence is highest in.. and lowest in..

Back 35

high)kids under 5
low)over 65

Front 36

Morbidity associated w/ diarrhea (4)

Back 36

1)dehydration & electrolyte imbalance
2)fecal incontinence
3)absenteeism
4)mental distress

Front 37

Diarrhea etiology (6)

Back 37

1)viral gastroenteritis
2)bacterial gastroenteritis
3)protozoal diarrhea
4)drug-induced diarrhea
5)AIDS associated diarrhea
6)food-induced diarrhea

Front 38

4 types of diarrhea

Back 38

1)osmotic
2)secretory
3)exudative
4)motor

Front 39

Disease of small intestine (stool characteristics) (2)

Back 39

1)marked outpouring of fluid high in K/bicarb
2)undigested food particles

Front 40

Upper GI bleeding (stool characteristics) (2)

Back 40

1)melanotic stool
2)black, tarry stools

Front 41

Red stools caused by... (3)

Back 41

1)lower bowel/hemorrhoidal bleeding
2)ingestion of red food (beets)
3)rifampin use

Front 42

White stools means...

Back 42

fat malabsorption

Front 43

Assessment of dehydration and severity of acute diarrhea via... (3)

Back 43

1)degree of dehydration
2)signs of dehydration
3)# of unformed stools/day

Front 44

Exclusions to self treatment (5)

Back 44

1)less than 6months old
2)greater than 6 months old w/ fever over 101
3)severe ab pain
4)pregnancy
5)blood,mucus,pus in stool

Front 45

Mild diarrhea
a)dehydration/loss of body wt
b)signs of dehydration (3)
c)other symptoms (2)
d)# of unformed stools

Back 45

a)3-5%
b)dry membranes, thirst, decr urine
c)no fever, normal pulse/BP
d)0-3

Front 46

Moderate diarrhea
a)dehydration/loss of body wt
b)signs of dehydration (4)
c)other symptoms (2)
d)# of unformed stools

Back 46

a)6-9%
b)sunken eyes, decr urine, tearing, skin turgor
c)fever up to 101, orthostasis
d)4-5

Front 47

Severe diarrhea
a)dehydration/loss of body wt
b)signs of dehydration (4)
c)other symptoms (4)
d)# of unformed stools

Back 47

a)10+%
b)rapid pulse and breathing, cyanosis, lethargy, coma
c)fever over 101, low BP, dizziness, ab pain
d)6-9

Front 48

Dietary management in diarrhea (4)

Back 48

a)BRAT diet (banana, rice, applesaue, toast)
b)go back to age appropriate diet as soon as rehydrate
c)avoid foods high in stuff and having caffeine
d)bowel rest not necessary

Front 49

Classification of therapies for diarrhea (4)

Back 49

1)antimotilities
2)adsorbents
3)antisecretory
4)octreotide

Front 50

Antimotility
a)mechanism
b)indication (3)
c)side effects (5)
d)CI's (3)

Back 50

a)Mu opoid receptor stimulator, slows motility and incr absorption of electrolytes and water
b)(over 6yo), traveler's diarrhea, nonspecific diarrhea
c)dizziness, rebound constipation, ab pain, ileus, toxic megacolon
d)fecal leukocytes, high fever, blood/mucus in stool

Front 51

Loperamide dosage and what type of drug

Back 51

4mg then 2mg after each loose stool up to 16mg per 24hrs

antimotility

Front 52

Diphenoxylate and atropine
a)mechanism
b)indication
c)side effects (3)
d)drug type

Back 52

a)like loperamide
b)like loperamide
c)atropinism, toxic megacolon, makes infexns worse
d)antimotility

Front 53

Adsorbents
a)mechanism
b)indication
c)side effects (3)

Back 53

a)adsorbs nutriets and digestive enzymes and other noxious stuff in GI
b)mild nonspecific diarrhea
c)constipation, bloating, fullness

Front 54

Adsorbents
a)interactions
b)ex (3)

Back 54

a)DECR ABSORPTION OF DRUGS (especially TCN and clindamycin)
b)fibercon, kaolin/pectin, attapulgite

Front 55

Bismuth
a)mechanism
b)indication
c)side effects

Back 55

a)reacts w/ HCl to reduce stool frequency/consistency
b)travelers diarrhea
c)tinnitus, reye's, gout, blackness of stool/tongue

Front 56

Bismuth
a)CI's (3)
b)interations (3)

Back 56

a)nursing/pregnant, AIDS, radiographic studies
b)incr toxicity in warfarin, TCN, valproic acid

Front 57

Digestive enzyme drug for diarrhea

Back 57

lactase/lactaid

Front 58

Probiotics for diarrhea (2)

Back 58

1)bifidobacterium
2)lactobacillus

Front 59

Pt counseling on diarrhea (3)

Back 59

1)treat mild/moderate diarrhea only
2)recommend non-drug measures
3)let em know OTC meds dose and duration