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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
true breeding |
if an organism has a certain characteristics that is always passed on to offsprings , we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristics . |
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Mendel developed four principles |
1. the traits of an organism are determined by packets of information called "factors." 2. each organism has not one but two factors that determines it traits . 3. in sexual reproduction ,each parent contributes ONLY ONE of its factors to the offspring 4. In each definable trait , there is a dominant factor . If it exist in an organism ,the trait determined by that dominant factor will be expressed. |
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Allele |
One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on Homologous |
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Genotype |
two letter set that represents the alleles in an organism possesses for a certain trait. |
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Phenotype |
the observable expression of an organism's genes |
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Homozygous genotype |
a genotype in which both alleles are identical |
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Heterozygous genotype |
a genotype with two different alleles |
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Dominate alleles |
An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype |
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Recessive allele |
An allele that will not determine that the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele |
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Mendel's principles |
1. the trait of an organism are determined by its genes 2. Each organism has two alleles that make up the genotypes for a given trait . 3. in sexual reproduction , each parent contributes only one of its alleles to is offspring 4. In each genotype there is a dominate allele. If it exists in an organism , the phenotype is determined by that allele. |
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Pedigree |
a diagram that follows a articular phenotype through several generations |
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monohybrid cross |
a cross between two individuals , concentrating on only one definable trait |
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Dihybrid Cross |
a cross between two individuals , concentrating on two definable traits |
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Autosomes |
chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual |
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sex chromosomes |
chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
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Autosomal inheritence |
Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome |
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Genetic disease carrier |
a person who is a heterozygous in a genetic disorder |
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Sex-linked inheritance |
Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes |
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Mutation |
a radical chemical change change in one or more alleles |
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Change in chromosomes structures |
a situation in which a chromosome loses or gain genes during meiosis |
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Change in chromosomes number |
a situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosomes in the gametes or more than one chromosomes in the gamete |