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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cognition |
Thinking and using knowledge |
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Attention |
tendency to respond to and remember some stimuli more than others |
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Preattentive Process |
Stands out immediately (Black Sheep) |
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Attentive Process |
One that requires searching through the items in series (waldo) |
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Stroop Effect |
The tendency to read the words instead of saying the color of ink |
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Change blindness |
the failure to detect changes in parts of a scene |
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Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) |
easy distraction, impulsiveness, moodiness, and failure to follow through on plans |
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Attention-deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
is the same except with excessive activity and "fidgetiness' |
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System 1 |
for quick automatic processes and for questions we think are easy |
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System 2 |
For mathematical calculations, evaluating evidence, and anything else that requires attention |
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algorithm |
an explicit procedure for calculating an answer or testing every hypothesis |
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maximizing |
thoroughly considering as many choices as possible to find the best one |
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Satisficing |
searching only until you find something satisfactory |
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representativeness Heuristic |
assumption that an item that resembles members of a category is probably also in that category |
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base-rate information |
how common the two categories are |
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critical thinking |
careful evaluation of evidence for and against any conclusion |
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functional fixedness |
the tendency to adhere to a single approach or a single way of using an item |
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Framing Effect |
the tendency to answer a question differently when it is framed differently |
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Sunk cost effect |
the willingness to do something because of money or effort already spent |
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Near Transfer |
benefit to a new skill based on practice of a simlar skill |
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Far Trasnfer |
benefit from practicing something less similar is more difficult |
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Transoformational Grammer |
system for converting a deep structure into a surface structure |
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productivity |
the ability to combine words into new sentences that express and unlimited variety of ideas |
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language acquisition device |
a built-in mechanism for acquiring language |
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Williams syndrom |
a genetic condition characterized by mental retardation in most regards but surpisingly good use of language relative to their other abilities |
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Wernicke's aphasia |
condition marked by impaired recall of nouns and impaired language comprehension |
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Bilingual |
learning two languages |
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Morpheme |
a unit of meaning |
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phoneme |
a unit of sound |
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word-superiority effect |
identify the letter more accurately when it is part of a word than when it is presented by itself |
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Saccades |
quick eye movements from one fixation point to another |
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Fixations |
when your eyes are stationary |
