Module 7 - Abdomen I, Ii, Iii & Iv

Front 1

1) Unpaired arteries that branch from the abdominal aorta include the
A) gonadal.
B) superior mesenteric.
C) inferior mesenteric.
D) suprarenal.
E) B and C.

Back 1

E) B and C.

Front 2

2) Which of the following is an unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta?
A) celiac
B) lumbar
C) renal
D) gonadal
E) suprarenal

Back 2

A) celiac

Front 3

3) Which of the following is the left branch of the celiac trunk?
A) cystic artery
B) hepatic artery proper
C) right gastric artery
D) splenic artery
E) gastroduodenal artery

Back 3

D) splenic artery

Front 4

4) The first paired branches of the abdominal aorta are the
A) gonadal arteries.
B) inferior phrenic arteries.
C) superior mesenteric arteries.
D) common iliac arteries.
E) renal arteries.

Back 4

B) inferior phrenic arteries.

Front 5

5) Blood in the hepatic portal vein carries blood
A) high in nutrients.
B) high in oxygen.
C) from the kidneys.
D) high in acid.
E) that is all of the above.

Back 5

A) high in nutrients.

Front 6

6) The terminal segment of the abdominal aorta divides directly to form
A) the common iliac arteries.
B) the external iliac arteries.
C) the internal iliac arteries.
D) three inferior branches.
E) none of the above.

Back 6

A) the common iliac arteries.

Front 7

7) Which of the following empties directly into the hepatic portal vein?
A) superior mesenteric vein.
B) lumbar veins.
C) hepatic veins.
D) the suprarenal veins.
E) there are no exceptions; all of them empty into the inferior vena cava.

Back 7

A) superior mesenteric vein.

Front 8

8) Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the
A) glomerulus.
B) nephron loop of cortical nephrons.
C) DCT.
D) PCT.
E) collecting ducts.

Back 8

E) collecting ducts.

Front 9

9) The large passageway into which the major calyces empty is the
A) minor calyx.
B) renal calyx.
C) renal medulla.
D) renal cortex.
E) renal pelvis.

Back 9

E) renal pelvis.

Front 10

10) After draining through the collecting system, tubular fluid enters (the)
A) ureter.
B) minor calyx.
C) renal pelvis.
D) major calyx.
E) none of the above.

Back 10

B) minor calyx.

Front 11

11) In the renal pelvis, fluid processing includes
A) reabsorption of potassium.
B) further removal of sodium from the filtrate.
C) secretion of lipid- soluble drugs.
D) osmosis of water.
E) none of the above.

Back 11

E) none of the above.

Front 12

12) Most often, the kidney is confused with the ________ when viewed superficially.
A) liver
B) urinary bladder
C) pancreas
D) spleen
E) gallbladder

Back 12

D) spleen

Front 13

13) The parts of the urethra in the male, in correct order from the bladder to the exterior,
are:
(1) urachus
(2) penile urethra
(3) dysuria
(4) membranous urethra
(5) prostatic urethra
A) 5, 4, 2 B) 4, 2, 1 C) 1, 3, 5 D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 E) 2, 4

Back 13

A) 5, 4, 2

Front 14

14) The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is maintained, in part, by (the)
A) floating ribs.
B) osmotic pressure of the fluid in the ureters.
C) diaphragm.
D) overlying peritoneum.
E) none of the above.

Back 14

D) overlying peritoneum.

Front 15

15) The structure directly opposite the vascular pole of the glomerulus is the
A) tubular pole.
B) glomerulus.
C) proximal convoluted tubule.
D) ureters.
E) C and D.

Back 15

A) tubular pole.

Front 16

16) Which of the following sits superior to the kidneys?
A) ureters
B) kidneys
C) urethra
D) suprarenal glands
E) urinary bladder

Back 16

D) suprarenal glands

Front 17

17) In the nephron loop
A) water performs osmosis into the descending limb.
B) the ascending limb is very permeable to water.
C) sodium ions are passively transported out of the ascending limb.
D) the filtrate in the descending limb becomes more and more hypertonic.
E) all of the above take place.

Back 17

D) the filtrate in the descending limb becomes more and more hypertonic.

Front 18

18) The gaps between the pedicles of the podocytes are called (the)
A) filtration slits.
B) mesangia.
C) urachus.
D) square ligament.
E) none of the above.

Back 18

A) filtration slits.

Front 19

19) An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the
A) renal artery.
B) lobular vein.
C) efferent arteriole.
D) intralobular artery.
E) afferent arteriole.

Back 19

C) efferent arteriole.

Front 20

20) Tall cells of the DCT near the vascular pole are called (the)
A) mesangial cells.
B) juxtaglomerular cells.
C) macula densa.
D) juxtaglomerular complex.
E) all of the above.

Back 20

C) macula densa.

Front 21

21) The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the
A) juxtaglomerular complex.
B) renal pyramid.
C) nephron loop.
D) renal papilla.
E) renal corpuscle.

Back 21

E) renal corpuscle.

Front 22

22) The ureters
A) take exactly the same path to the bladder in men and women.
B) are retroperitoneal.
C) have specialized subdivisions called the urethrae.
D) float freely within the abdominal cavity.
E) have none of the attributes above.

Back 22

B) are retroperitoneal.

Front 23

23) Urine reaches the urinary bladder by
A) suction from the empty bladder.
B) the force of gravity.
C) differential pressure exerted on the ureters by the movements of the digestive organs.
D) peristalsis.
E) none of the above means.

Back 23

D) peristalsis.

Front 24

24) The filtrate that escapes from the glomerular capillaries includes which of the
following?
A) all of the same components as are present in whole blood
B) all of the same components as are present in plasma
C) a fluid similar to plasma, but without the blood proteins
D) A and B
E) none of the above

Back 24

C) a fluid similar to plasma, but without the blood proteins

Front 25

25) Urine leaves the renal pelvis and enters the ureter because of
A) opening of valves into the entrance of the ureters, which permits urine to flow through
them passively.
B) peristalsis of the ureters.
C) gravity.
D) contractions of the muscular layers of the renal capsule, which squeeze the kidney.
E) All of the above occur at different times during the life of an individual.

Back 25

B) peristalsis of the ureters.

Front 26

1) Kidneys are often difficult to see without dissection because they are surrounded by a
layer of fat. What is the significance of this fat?
A) It expands for storage of additional urine once the bladder is full; it acts as a sponge.
B) It provides cushioning or padding for protection from sudden jolts or other injuries.
C) There is no special significance; this fat stores energy as do other fat deposits in the
abdominal cavity.
D) This fat cools the kidneys during active filtration.
E) A and D are correct.

Back 26

B) It provides cushioning or padding for protection from sudden jolts or other injuries.

Front 27

2) Urine is formed in the
A) kidney and bladder.
B) ureter and urethra.
C) kidney.
D) urethra.
E) ureter and bladder.

Back 27

C) kidney.

Front 28

3) The primary function of the distal convoluted tubule is
A) increased retention of sodium ions.
B) reabsorption.
C) secretion.
D) filtration.
E) none of the above.

Back 28

C) secretion.

Front 29

4) Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by the
A) urachus.
B) lymphoids.
C) circulatory system.
D) urethra.
E) ureters.

Back 29

E) ureters.

Front 30

5) By the third month of development, fetal kidneys begin to produce filtrate. How and
why does this filtrate differ from that excreted in the adult?
A) The fetal filtrate does not contain waste products, which are instead excreted through the placenta.
B) The filtrate is similar to that of the adult but lacks sodium ion regulation, as the
collecting system that regulates this feature has not yet formed.
C) The urine produced is extremely dilute, as the filtration mechanism is not as efficient
as it is later in development.
D) There is no difference.
E) None of the above are differences between fetal and adult filtrate.

Back 30

A) The fetal filtrate does not contain waste products, which are instead excreted through the placenta.

Front 31

6) Which of the following is a function of the glomerular capsule?
A) collecting the filtrate from the glomerulus
B) reabsorbing useful organic substances
C) secreting waste products into the filtrate
D) reabsorbing more than 80 percent of the water from the filtrate
E) All are functions of the renal tubule.

Back 31

A) collecting the filtrate from the glomerulus

Front 32

7) ADH acts mostly on (the)
A) collecting system.
B) glomerulus.
C) nephron loop.
D) PCT.
E) none of the above.

Back 32

A) collecting system.

Front 33

8) In juxtamedullary nephrons, the efferent arterioles and peritubular capillaries are
connected to a long, slender series of capillaries that accompany the nephron loops into
the medulla. These are (the)
A) interlobular veins
B) segmental arteries.
C) arcuate arteries.
D) vasa recta.
E) none of the above.

Back 33

D) vasa recta.

Front 34

9) Damage, disease, or irritation of the renal cortex would impair the function of which
kidney structures?
A) the renal papillae
B) the major calyces
C) the nephron units
D) the renal pyramids
E) the renal columns

Back 34

C) the nephron units

Front 35

10) The mechanism whereby benign enlargement of the prostate affects urinary function
in older men includes which of the following?
A) It may compress the opening of the ureters into the bladder.
B) It may compress the prostatic urethra.
C) It may compress the membranous urethra.
D) It may compress the body of the bladder.
E) None of the above are mechanisms affecting urinary function.

Back 35

B) It may compress the prostatic urethra.

Front 36

11) The glomerulus is made up of many
A) fenestrated capillaries.
B) sinusoids.
C) venules.
D) arterioles.
E) A and C.

Back 36

A) fenestrated capillaries.

Front 37

12) Which of the following drains into the minor calyx?
A) renal corpuscle
B) papillary duct
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) proximal convoluted tubule
E) collecting duct

Back 37

B) papillary duct

Front 38

13) The kidneys are located
A) retroperitoneally.
B) medial to the aorta.
C) at the level between T10 and L1.
D) anterior to the colon and pancreas.
E) nowhere near any of the above structures.

Back 38

A) retroperitoneally.

Front 39

14) A nephron has two parts:
A) renal tubule and collecting duct.
B) renal corpuscle and renal tubules.
C) glomerulus and collecting duct.
D) collecting duct and convoluted tubules.
E) proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule.

Back 39

B) renal corpuscle and renal tubules.

Front 40

15) The first part of the renal tubule is the
A) proximal convoluted tubule.
B) distal convoluted tubule.
C) nephron loop.
D) glomerular capsule.
E) glomerulus.

Back 40

A) proximal convoluted tubule.

Front 41

16) The parietal and visceral epithelia of Bowman's capsule are separated by (the)
A) vascular pole.
B) lobar space.
C) renal column.
D) capsular space.
E) none of the above.

Back 41

D) capsular space.

Front 42

17) The kidneys are innervated by the
A) celiac plexus.
B) renal nerves.
C) same nerves that innervate the ureters.
D) ureteric nerves.
E) B and C.

Back 42

E) B and C.

Front 43

18) The known functions of the sympathetic innervation of the kidneys include
A) direct stimulation of sodium ion resorption.
B) regulation of the glomerular blood flow.
C) direct stimulation of water reabsorption.
D) stimulation of renin release.
E) all of the above.

Back 43

E) all of the above.a

Front 44

19) The expanded end of the nephron is the
A) glomerulus.
B) renal corpuscle.
C) DCT.
D) nephron loop.
E) PCT.

Back 44

B) renal corpuscle.

Front 45

20) The fluid outside the renal tubule is called
A) lymph.
B) filtrate.
C) plasma.
D) peritubular fluid.
E) none of the above.

Back 45

D) peritubular fluid.

Front 46

21) The muscle responsible for compressing the urinary bladder and expelling its
contents is (the)
A) internal urethral sphincter.
B) detrusor.
C) pyramidalis.
D) external urethral sphincter.
E) none of the above.

Back 46

B) detrusor.

Front 47

22) The best diagnostic test to determine whether or not a person has a kidney stone is
A) a respiratory uptake test.
B) a fecal analysis.
C) an angiogram.
D) a pyelogram.
E) none of the above.

Back 47

D) a pyelogram.

Front 48

23) Blood enters the nephron via the
A) segmental artery.
B) efferent arteriole.
C) lobar artery.
D) afferent arteriole.
E) renal artery.

Back 48

D) afferent arteriole.

Front 49

24) Age- related changes in the urinary system include
A) an increase in the overall amount of glomerular filtration, but less efficiency at each
glomerulus.
B) an increase in the number of cortical nephrons, but a decrease in the number of
juxtamedullary nephrons.
C) greater reabsorption of water, which is why older people have to urinate more
frequently than do younger ones.
D) reduced sensitivity to ADH.
E) none of the above.

Back 49

D) reduced sensitivity to ADH.

Front 50

25) Which area of the renal tubule contains the most dense microvilli?
A) nephron loop
B) DCT
C) PCT
D) CD
E) none of the above

Back 50

C) PCT

Front 51

1) Cells found between the capillary endothelium and the glomerular epithelium that are
important in regulating glomerular blood flow are the
A) fenestrated cells.
B) mesangial cells.
C) filtration slits.
D) pyramidal cells.
E) podocytes.

Back 51

B) mesangial cells.

Front 52

2) What is the health danger of a "floating kidney"?
A) The ureters or renal blood vessels could become kinked or pinched off if the kidney twists.
B) There is no danger; this is normally the condition of the kidneys.
C) This kidney could bump into and damage other abdominal organs.
D) The kidney has pierced the peritoneal membrane and may interfere with intestinal
function.
E) None of the above is a potential danger.

Back 52

A) The ureters or renal blood vessels could become kinked or pinched off if the kidney twists.

Front 53

3) Each kidney ultimately receives blood from
A) branches of the gonadal arteries that branch off the celiac artery at the same place.
B) the internal iliac arteries.
C) the descending aorta.
D) the common iliac arteries.
E) none of the above.

Back 53

C) the descending aorta.

Front 54

4) The nephron loop is composed of (the)
A) descending limb.
B) thin segment.
C) thick segment.
D) ascending limb.
E) all of the above.

Back 54

E) all of the above.

Front 55

5) About 15 percent of the nephrons are classified as
A) cortical.
B) juxtamedullary.
C) medullary.
D) renal.
E) none of the above.

Back 55

B) juxtamedullary.

Front 56

6) The main homeostatic function that occurs as a result of the work of the nephron loop
is
A) production of the filtrate.
B) variable absorption and active secretion.
C) water and salt conservation.
D) active and passive reabsorption.
E) none of the above.

Back 56

C) water and salt conservation.

Front 57

7) Functions of the urinary system include
A) regulating plasma concentrations of ions by controlling the amount lost in the urine.
B) regulating blood pressure.
C) regulating blood volume.
D) conserving nutrients by preventing their excretion in the urine.
E) all of the above.

Back 57

E) all of the above.

Front 58

8) The blood vessels at the boundary of the cortex and medulla of the kidney are the
A) interlobar artery and vein.
B) arcuate artery and vein.
C) glomerular artery and vein.
D) interlobular artery and vein.
E) segmental artery and vein.

Back 58

B) arcuate artery and vein.

Front 59

9) What is the anatomical reason that hitting a boxer in the lower back is considered an
illegal move?
A) A hit here might make the boxer vomit, which would not be pleasant to see in the
boxing ring.
B) It is considered ungentlemanly; there is no anatomical reason.
C) A kidney might be jarred loose and result in a "floating kidney."
D) This is a move that is too difficult for the referee to see, as it occurs behind the back.
E) None of the above are reasons why this is an illegal move.

Back 59

C) A kidney might be jarred loose and result in a "floating kidney."

Front 60

10) The secondary functions of the DCT are controlled by the hormone(s)
A) aldosterone.
B) ADH.
C) renin.
D) cortisol.
E) A and B.

Back 60

A) aldosterone.

Front 61

11) Voluntary urination involves
A) decreasing abdominal pressure.
B) relaxing the abdominal and expiratory muscles.
C) relaxing the external sphincter and compressing the urinary bladder.
D) contracting the external sphincter.
E) none of the above.

Back 61

C) relaxing the external sphincter and compressing the urinary bladder.

Front 62

12) A glomerulus
A) filters urine just prior to its exit from the kidney.
B) occurs in the nephron loop.
C) is a capillary knot contained within the renal corpuscle.
D) is a portion of the proximal convoluted tubule.
E) is or does none of the above.

Back 62

C) is a capillary knot contained within the renal corpuscle.

Front 63

13) The distal convoluted tubule of the nephron is responsible for
A) active secretion of ions, acids, and other materials.
B) adjusting osmotic concentration and balance.
C) selective reabsorption of sodium ions from the filtrate.
D) all of the above.
E) only A and B.

Back 63

D) all of the above.

Front 64

14) The thick ascending limb functions to
A) secrete drugs.
B) filter sodium.
C) reabsorb water.
D) actively reabsorb sodium.
E) do all of the above.

Back 64

D) actively reabsorb sodium.

Front 65

15) Compared to the epithelium of the PCT, the DCT has
A) a decrease in the number of glomeruli.
B) less distinct boundaries.
C) more microvilli.
D) a smaller lumen.
E) none of the above.

Back 65

D) a smaller lumen.

Front 66

16) Which of the following is the most anterior structure in a cross- section at the lumbar level?
A) rectus abdominis muscles
B) iliocostalis muscle
C) distal end of the iliotibial tract.
D) sacroiliac joint
E) vertebrae

Back 66

A) rectus abdominis muscles

Front 67

17) The muscle in the abdominal body wall that has prominent tendinous inscriptions is
the
A) transversus abdominis.
B) external oblique.
C) serratus anterior.
D) rectus abdominis.
E) internal oblique.

Back 67

D) rectus abdominis.

Front 68

18) The largest of the organs of the lymphoid system is (are) the
A) kidneys.
B) carotid bodies.
C) lymph nodes in the groin.
D) cisterna chyli.
E) spleen.

Back 68

E) spleen.

Front 69

19) Which lymph nodes might become infected as a result of a bladder infection?
A) thoracic lymph nodes
B) axillary lymph nodes
C) Peyer's patches
D) abdominal lymph nodes
E) all of the above

Back 69

D) abdominal lymph nodes

Front 70

20) Which of these is a unique part of the spleen?
A) white pulp
B) trabeculae
C) hilus
D) cortex
E) medulla

Back 70

A) white pulp

Front 71

21) Lipids absorbed in the digestive tract enter ________ in the intestinal wall.
A) macrophages
B) lymph nodes
C) capillaries
D) lacteals
E) none of the above

Back 71

D) lacteals

Front 72

22) The spleen
A) lies tucked inside of the lesser curvature of the stomach.
B) is the lymphoid organ that grows to its greatest size in the individual at puberty.
C) is attached to the stomach by the broad mesentery band, the gastrosplenic ligament.
D) is composed of a cortex and a medulla.
E) is all of the above.

Back 72

C) is attached to the stomach by the broad mesentery band, the gastrosplenic ligament.

Front 73

23) Splenomegaly is often caused by
A) infection.
B) involution, or decrease in the size and activity of the epithelial cells of the gland.
C) damage to the gastrosplenic ligament.
D) inflammation or cancer.
E) A and D.

Back 73

E) A and D.

Front 74

24) Which of the following is (are) true of the spleen?
A) It is the largest lymphoid organ in the body.
B) It performs the same functions for the blood as the lymph nodes do for the lymph.
C) It contains trabecular arteries.
D) It contains areas of red and white pulp.
E) All of the above are true.

Back 74

E) All of the above are true.

Front 75

25) A transverse section at the level of the umbilicus would pass through which body
cavity?
A) pelvic cavity
B) thoracic cavity
C) abdominal cavity
D) dorsal cavity
E) none of the above

Back 75

C) abdominal cavity

Front 76

1) The viscera (or guts) occupy a space known as the ________ body cavity.
A) cranial B) ventral C) dorsal D) vertebral E) orbital

Back 76

B) ventral

Front 77

2) An enzyme produced by the kidneys that is important for the regulation of blood
pressure and blood volume is
A) renin.
B) thyroxine.
C) thymosin.
D) bilirubin.
E) angiotensin I.

Back 77

A) renin.

Front 78

3) About 1 percent of the pancreas is structures known as
A) pancreatic arteries.
B) pancreatic islets.
C) beta cells.
D) alpha cells.
E) the exocrine pancreas.

Back 78

B) pancreatic islets.

Front 79

4) Which of the following hormones contains iodine in its structure?
A) erythropoietin
B) triiodothyronine
C) thyroxine
D) angiotensin I
E) both B and C

Back 79

E) both B and C

Front 80

5) The zona glomerulosa is so named because its glandular cells are arranged as
A) individual cells surrounded by matrix.
B) a highly branched system.
C) tight clusters of cells.
D) longitudinal cords.
E) none of the above.

Back 80

C) tight clusters of cells.

Front 81

6) Damage to the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in
A) the disappearance of axillary and pubic hair.
B) an increase in urine volume.
C) decreased ability to convert lipids into glucose.
D) increased water retention.
E) B and D.

Back 81

C) decreased ability to convert lipids into glucose.

Front 82

7) Over three- quarters of the suprarenal cortex is the
A) zona reticularis.
B) zona glomerulosa.
C) medulla.
D) zona fasciculata.
E) capsule.

Back 82

D) zona fasciculata.

Front 83

8) The ________ is firmly attached to the superior border of the kidney.
A) suprarenal gland
B) pancreas
C) stomach
D) thyroid
E) all of the above

Back 83

A) suprarenal gland

Front 84

9) Migrating neural crest cells develop into the
A) pituitary gland.
B) suprarenal cortex.
C) suprarenal medulla.
D) pancreas.
E) thyroid gland.

Back 84

C) suprarenal medulla.

Front 85

10) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) causes the release of
A) steroids by the suprarenal cortex.
B) gonadotropins by the testes.
C) growth hormone by the pituitary.
D) hypothalamic releasing hormones.
E) thyroid hormones by the pituitary.

Back 85

A) steroids by the suprarenal cortex.

Front 86

11) The zona reticularis releases very small amounts of
A) glucocorticoids.
B) androgens.
C) aldosterone.
D) mineralocorticoids.
E) none of the above.

Back 86

B) androgens.

Front 87

12) Which of the following cell types produces insulin?
A) alpha cells.
B) delta cells.
C) beta cells.
D) gamma cells.
E) There are no exceptions; all of the above are found in pancreatic islets.

Back 87

C) beta cells.

Front 88

13) A kidney hormone that stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow is
A) angiotensin II.
B) erythropoietin.
C) renin.
D) insulin.
E) none of the above.

Back 88

B) erythropoietin.

Front 89

14) A lipid that has been implicated in causing heart and blood vessel problems, but is
necessary for the production of corticosteroids, is
A) aldosterone.
B) unsaturated fat.
C) cholesterol.
D) sugar.
E) none of the above.

Back 89

C) cholesterol.

Front 90

15) Which of the following is true of the suprarenal cortex?
A) It consists of three different layers.
B) If one zone is damaged, levels of the hormone it makes will decrease in the blood.
C) Each zone synthesizes different steroid hormones.
D) It is yellow in color because of the presence of stored lipids.
E) all of the above are true.

Back 90

E) all of the above are true.

Front 91

16) Which of the following is (are) unique to the suprarenal medullae?
A) the suprarenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion.
B) some cells of the suprarenal medulla secrete norepinephrine.
C) some cells of the suprarenal medulla secrete epinephrine.
D) the systemic effects of the suprarenal medulla are long lasting.
E) all of the above are true.

Back 91

D) the systemic effects of the suprarenal medulla are long lasting.

Front 92

17) Organs that develop in the peritoneal cavity but later fuse to the posterior abdominal
wall are called ________ organs.
A) parietal
B) secondarily retroperitoneal
C) retroperitoneal
D) serous
E) intraperitoneal

Back 92

B) secondarily retroperitoneal

Front 93

18) Problems caused by a blockage of the cystic duct would include
A) appendicitis.
B) a reduced ability of the person to digest fats in the duodenum.
C) constipation.
D) decreased intestinal motility.
E) none of the above.

Back 93

B) a reduced ability of the person to digest fats in the duodenum.

Front 94

19) Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis
externa is the
A) mucosa.
B) mesocolon.
C) submucosa.
D) muscularis mucosa.
E) myenteric plexus.

Back 94

E) myenteric plexus.

Front 95

20) Which of the following is an intraperitoneal organ?
A) ureter
B) ascending colon
C) stomach
D) pancreas
E) duodenum

Back 95

C) stomach

Front 96

21) The areolar connective tissue found immediately beneath the epithelium of the
digestive tract is called
A) plica.
B) lamina propria.
C) mucosa.
D) basement membrane.
E) all of the above.

Back 96

B) lamina propria.

Front 97

22) Which of the following produces bile?
A) gallbladder
B) spleen
C) pancreas
D) salivary gland
E) liver

Back 97

E) liver

Front 98

23) The lining of the digestive tract plays a defensive role by protecting surrounding
tissues against
A) the corrosive effects of acids.
B) mechanical stresses.
C) the corrosive effects of digestive enzymes.
D) pathogens that are swallowed with food.
E) all of the above.

Back 98

E) all of the above.

Front 99

24) The correct order of the digestive tube layers, from lumen outward, is:
(1) mucosa
(2) muscularis externa
(3) serosa
(4) submucosa
A) 4, 2, 3, 1 B) 3, 1, 2, 4 C) 1, 4, 2, 3 D) 4, 1, 2, 3 E) 1, 4, 3, 2

Back 99

C) 1, 4, 2, 3

Front 100

25) Which of the following is a small intestine feature that increases surface area for
digestion and absorption?
A) taeniae coli
B) microvilli
C) omentum
D) rugae
E) all of the above

Back 100

B) microvilli