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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the vast majority of the characteristics of an atom determined by?
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number of protons in the nucleus
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What are the four types of nucleotide bases?
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adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
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DNA is made of a double chain of ____.
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nucleotides
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What are nucleotides made up of?
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deoxyribose, phosphate group, nucleotide base
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What is DNA held together by?
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hydrogen bonding, which links certain nucleotide bases together
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What can thymine link to?
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adenine
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What can guanine link to?
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cytosine
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What can adenine link to?
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thymine
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What can cytosine link to?
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guanine
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Acids contain what pattern of atoms bonded together?
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O
|| C-OH |
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What do you need to form a lipid?
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3 fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule
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What kind of reaction forms a lipid?
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dehydration
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What kind of reaction forms proteins?
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dehydration
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What kind of reaction breaks polysaccharides or disaccharides into monosaccharides?
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hydrolysis
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What kind of reaction links monosaccharides into poly/disaccharides?
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dehydration
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A carbohydrate has 4 carbon atoms; what kind is it?
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mono
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What kind of bond links amino acids together to make proteins?
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peptide bond
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Are lipids attracted to water?
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no, they're hydrophobic
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A lipid has a double bond between two carbon atoms; is it unsaturated or saturated?
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saturated
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A lipid has no double bonds between its carbon atoms; is it unsaturated or saturated?
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unsaturated
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People and animals store excess sugar as a ____ called _____.
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starch; glycogen
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pH level less than 7 is:
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acidic
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pH level higher than 7 is:
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alkaline (base)
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pH 7 is:
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neutral
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What 4 things does photosynthesis require?
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carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll
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What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
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6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6
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What does photosynthesis produce?
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oxygen and glucose
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What five elements are in organic molecules?
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carbon + hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, or sulfur.
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In C-8 what does the 8 mean?
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how many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus
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