Module 5 Class 1

Front 1

this system supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from cells in the body.

Back 1

the respiratory system

Front 2

the two phases of the respiration can be divided into...

Back 2

external and internal phases

Front 3

the absorption of oxygen from the air by the lungs and the transportation of carbon dioxide from the lungs back into the air.

Back 3

external respiration

Front 4

the exchanges of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the cells of the body

Back 4

internal respiration

Front 5

also involved in the acid-base balance of the blood

Back 5

the respiratory system

Front 6

the entire respiratory system is composed of...

Back 6

an upper respiratory tract and the lungs.

Front 7

the upper airway consists of...

Back 7

the nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses

Front 8

our noses are composed of...

Back 8

bone and cartilage

Front 9

the nasal cavity consists of...

Back 9

passageways, spaces, walls, and protective membranes

Front 10

the nasal cavity does what for our sense of smell?

Back 10

filters, cools or warms, and moistens the air we breathe. It is essential for our sense of smell

Front 11

these sinuses come in pairs, one on each side, and are labeled according to the bone in which they are located

Back 11

paranasal sinuses

Front 12

there are frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses. the major function of the sinuses is to make the...

Back 12

skull lighter. The spaces also play a part in the production of sound, as an addition to the tongue, in speaking. The air in these spaces vibrates giving the voice a pleasant, resonant sound.

Front 13

a channel with an opening in the sides of the nasal cavity for the passage of air and mucus from the paranasal sinuses

Back 13

meatus

Front 14

the external openings of the nose

Back 14

nares

Front 15

a wall dividing the nasal cavity into right and left halves

Back 15

nasal septum

Front 16

a space just inside the opening of the nose.

Back 16

nasal vestible

Front 17

holes in the nose

Back 17

nostrils

Front 18

cells that function in the sensation of smell located in the nose

Back 18

olfactory cells

Front 19

a root word for the "sense of smell"

Back 19

-osm

Front 20

airspaces that are near the nasal cavity

Back 20

paranasal sinuses

Front 21

a space connecting the nose and mouth with the trachea and esophagus

Back 21

pharynx

Front 22

a root word meaning "nose"

Back 22

Rhino

Front 23

located in the throat between the end of the pharynx and the beginning of the trachea.

Back 23

larynx

Front 24

the larynx is shaped like...

Back 24

a three-sided box and is composed of 9 cartiliages

Front 25

the most prominent of the nine cartilages in the larynx?

Back 25

thyroid cartilage. A special carilaginous flap, called the epiglottis, covers this cartilage.

Front 26

the epiglottis prevents...

Back 26

food from entering the larynx. this opening into the larynx is the glottis.

Front 27

most people refer to the larynx as the...

Back 27

"voice box."

Front 28

"trap door" cartilage or leaf-shaped cartilage that is over the opening of the larynx

Back 28

epiglottis

Front 29

opening at the upper part of the larynx

Back 29

glottis

Front 30

boxlike structure in the throat containing the vocal cords which produce the voice

Back 30

larynx

Front 31

action of passing air through the vocal cords, which vibrates and produces the sound of the voice

Back 31

phonation

Front 32

largest cartilage in the larynx (In men, this cartilage increases in size as they reach adolescence - Adam's apple)

Back 32

thyroid cartilage

Front 33

tissues in the larynx responsible for the production of the voice

Back 33

vocal cords

Front 34

two lightweight organs of respiration

Back 34

lungs

Front 35

major divisions of the lungs (there are three lobes on the right and two lobes on the left)

Back 35

lobes

Front 36

each lob divided into lung sections, each attached to a stem of the bronchus

Back 36

bronchopulmonary segments

Front 37

suffix meaning "to breathe"

Back 37

-pnea

Front 38

root word meaning "lung" or "air" or "breath"

Back 38

pneumo-

Front 39

root word meaning "lungs"

Back 39

pulmon-

Front 40

space that stands in the middle of the chest between the two lungs

Back 40

mediastinum

Front 41

the respiratory system is lined with...

Back 41

mucous membranes that contain cilia.

Front 42

the function of the cilia is to...

Back 42

move secretions and protect the lungs from the outside environment

Front 43

mucus serves to moisten and protect the lining of the...

Back 43

respiratory tree

Front 44

the root word for mucous membrane is...

Back 44

mucosa

Front 45

the lungs are bordered on the outside by the...

Back 45

pleura

Front 46

the function of the pleura is to...

Back 46

hold the lungs in place, provide fluid to maintain the suction needed to keep the lung inflated, and provide lubrication to allow free movement of the lungs

Front 47

hair-like structures in the lungs that move secretions out of the lungs and protect the lung from outside environmental contaminants

Back 47

cilia

Front 48

viscous (thick), slippery secretion of the mucous membranes.

Back 48

mucus

Front 49

mucus is termed _____ when it contains mucus and other components, such as cellular debris from the lining of the lung, microorganisms, outside pollutants, pus or blood.

Back 49

sputum

Front 50

root words for the lining of the respiratory system

Back 50

mucosa, mucosal

Front 51

general term meaning "side"

Back 51

pleura

Front 52

section of the pleura that covers the walls of the thoracic cavity

Back 52

parietal pleura

Front 53

section that covers the organs of respiration, the lungs

Back 53

visceral pleura

Front 54

negative pressure space between the two pleural (the pressure is negative and is responsible for keeping the lungs in an inflated condition)

Back 54

pleural space

Front 55

very thin coating of fluid between the two pleural membranes

Back 55

parietal fluid

Front 56

root word for "air"

Back 56

aer-

Front 57

another name for the upper respiratory tract

Back 57

airway

Front 58

air inhaled and exhaled during respiration

Back 58

breath

Front 59

to take in air in and force air out: to inhale and exhale

Back 59

breathe

Front 60

noise heard from air moving in and out of the lungs

Back 60

breath sounds

Front 61

muscular wall across the trunk of the body between the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Back 61

diaphragm

Front 62

to force air out of the lungs

Back 62

exhale

Front 63

to pull air into the lungs

Back 63

inhale

Front 64

relating to the diaphragm

Back 64

phrenic-

Front 65

word ending that means "breathing"

Back 65

-pnea

Front 66

to breathe again

Back 66

respiration

Front 67

root word meaning to "breathe"

Back 67

spiro-

Front 68

to provide new air through a blowing force

Back 68

ventilate

Front 69

loss of the sense of smell

Back 69

anosmia

Front 70

dislocation of the wall between the two nostrils

Back 70

deviated septum

Front 71

condition where blood drips upon the lining of the nose (nosebleed)

Back 71

epistaxis

Front 72

outgrowth of the mucous membrane lining in the nose (polyps can occur anywhere in the respiratory system)

Back 72

nasal polyp

Front 73

inflammation in the lining of the nose

Back 73

rhinitis

Front 74

running of fluid from the nose in response to an allergen

Back 74

allergic rhinitis

Front 75

runny nose and stuffiness of nasal passages usually as a result of infection

Back 75

nonallergic rhinitis

Front 76

inflammation of one of the sinus associated with the respiratory system

Back 76

sinusitis

Front 77

disease characterized by panting

Back 77

asthma (the rapid breathing results from a reaction to outside stimuli, causing inflammation of the tubes of the lungs, causing restricted air flow. The outside stimuli includes allergens, thus denoting it as an allergic disease. It is one of the obstructive lung diseases because the airway is obstructed by the constriction of the bronchi, brochioles, and alveoli

Front 78

severe condition in which the asthmatic response of the lungs causes restriction of airflow that cannot be reversed and the lungs remain in the constricted form (This is life-threatening)

Back 78

status asthmaticus

Front 79

excessive dilation of the alveoli with accumulation of mucus in the dilated space of the alveolus

Back 79

bronchiectasis

Front 80

inflammation of the bronchi

Back 80

bronchitis

Front 81

cancerous tumor that begins in the bronchus

Back 81

bronchogenic carcinoma

Front 82

condition in which the alveoli of the lungs have been blown in (The lungs have become permanently over-inflated)

Back 82

emphysema

Front 83

inflammation of the tissue at the back of the tongue over the larynx (this will obstruct airflow to the lungs)

Back 83

epiglottis

Front 84

type of sound made when there is inflammation in the larynx (the sound producted is harsh and weak in intensity. The sounds produced is like one's vocal cords are wrapped in cornhusks! Thus, we say if someone is hoarse, they have a "husky voice"

Back 84

hoarseness

Front 85

characterized by the filtering of white blood cells and other proteins from the blood into the alveoli, filling the space with fluid and not allowing air to reach the alveoli.

Back 85

pulmonary fibrosis or infiltrative lung disease (This process results in scarring or fibrosis of lung tissue and diminished lung function.)

Front 86

a powerful, acute, and contagious disease of the respiratory system. The symptoms manifest themselves as upper respiratory symptoms, although the lungs may also become involved.

Back 86

influenza

Front 87

a malignant tumor of the larynx. Because of its location, it causes difficulty in swallowing and persistent hoarseness.

Back 87

laryngeal carcinoma

Front 88

inflammation of the larynx (Because the larynx is the voice box, this condition interferes with a person's ability to speak.)

Back 88

laryngitis

Front 89

swelling of the larynx (It is a condition which is not uncommon in musicians who play wind instruments)

Back 89

laryngocele

Front 90

sudden contraction of the larynx, making it difficult for air to pass through the respiratory system

Back 90

laryngospasm

Front 91

an inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi occurring at the same time

Back 91

laryngotracheobronchitis

Front 92

intensive cough that results in whooping sound (Thus the disease is often referred to as "whooping cough")

Back 92

pertussis

Front 93

small, abnormal opening that communicates between the trachea and esophagus

Back 93

tracheoesophageal fistula

Front 94

incomplete dilation of the lung tissue; a collapse of segments of lung tissue

Back 94

atelectasis

Front 95

malignant condition of the lung

Back 95

carcinoma of the lung

Front 96

a congenital metabolic disorder, in which secretions of the exocrine glands are abnormal (Excessively thick and stringy mucus causes obstruction of the lungs, pancreatic and bile ducts, and intestine. Sodium and chloride content in sweat are increased throughout the person's life.)

Back 96

cystic fibrosis

Front 97

bacterial infection of the lung named for the first documented outbreak at a convention of the American Legion

Back 97

Legionnaire's disease

Front 98

cancer of the lung that has spread from other places in the body (it also can refer to a cancer that has spread from the lungs to other places in the body)

Back 98

metastatic lung cancer

Front 99

condition of the lung causes by inhalation of various types of dust particles (there are many variations of this disease.

Back 99

pneumoconiosis

Front 100

examples of pneumoconiosis:

Back 100

asbestosis - asbestos; black lung - coal; byssinosis - cotton, flax, hemp particles (extremely important in areas where these grains are used in the manufacture of thread and cloth.); silicosis - silicon

Front 101

condition in which the alveoli in the lungs become honey-combed and sac-like (the causative organism is pneumocystis carinii. therefore, we sometimes see the disease referred to as PCP.)

Back 101

pneumocystis pneumonia

Front 102

inflammation of the lungs

Back 102

pneumonia

Front 103

infection of the lungs from a bacteria usually found only in birds, such as parrots

Back 103

psittacosis

Front 104

collection of excessive fluid, primarily in the lungs that affects the respiratory system

Back 104

pulmonary edema

Front 105

condition in which a traveling blood clot travels from the veins to the lungs

Back 105

pulmonary embolism

Front 106

condition in which small knobs or tubercles develop as part of the bacterial disease

Back 106

tuberculosis

Front 107

condition in which there is blood in the thoracic cavity between the visceral and parietal pleura (This causes either a part or the entire lung to collapse.)

Back 107

hemothorax

Front 108

inflammation of the membrane covering the lung, including the wall of the thorax

Back 108

pleurisy

Front 109

movement of fluid into the pleural space (There is an abundance of fluid between the visceral and parietal pleura. the more fluid that is present, the greater the chance of lung segments collapsing

Back 109

pleural effusion

Front 110

a condition in which there is air in the space between the visceral and parietal pleura in the chest cavity.

Back 110

pneumothorax

Front 111

caused by widespread lung disease (example of pneumothorax)

Back 111

simple spontaneous

Front 112

air enters the pleural space but cannot get out with each respiration, thereby increasing the pressure (if the amount of air is continual, it can be life-threatening.)

Back 112

tension pneumothorax

Front 113

severe condition usually caused by a widespread infection in which the respiratory system is markedly affected, extreme difficulty in breathing

Back 113

acute respiratory distress syndrom

Front 114

absence of breathing

Back 114

apnea

Front 115

fluid or a foreign body being inhaled into the airways (An example would be inhaling vomit or food.)

Back 115

aspiration

Front 116

a chronic or long standing pulmonary disease caused by obstruction of the flow of air into and out of the lungs

Back 116

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Front 117

involuntary rush of air from the lungs (It usually produces a harsh noise.)

Back 117

cough

Front 118

condition in which the skin takes on a bluish color (this color comes from the presence of deoxygenated blood, which is blue.)

Back 118

cyanosis

Front 119

difficult or labored breathing (it may be termed "shortness of breath")

Back 119

dyspnea

Front 120

change in the angle between the nail bed and the cuticle in which the fingertips take on a club appearance (This sign may be associated with lung disease)

Back 120

finger clubbing

Front 121

condition in which breathing is easier if the person is in an upright or seated position

Back 121

orthopnea

Front 122

oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high (These situations cause failure of the respiratory system.)

Back 122

respiratory failure

Front 123

condition in which there is a periodic absence of breathing during sleep

Back 123

sleep apnea

Front 124

heavy breathing sound that accompanies some conditions or diseases (we refer to as snoring)

Back 124

stertor

Front 125

a sound, mainly during inhalation, caused by a partial blocking of the throat, voice box, and windpipe

Back 125

stridor

Front 126

abnormally fast breathing

Back 126

tachypnea

Front 127

whistling, musical sound on expiration from a partially obstructed airway

Back 127

wheezing

Front 128

x-ray picture of the bronchi taken after an injection of radiopaque substance

Back 128

bronchogram

Front 129

viewing device used to visualize the bronchi

Back 129

bronchoscope

Front 130

removal of the larynx or voice box

Back 130

laryngectomy

Front 131

removal of one of the lobes of the lungs

Back 131

lobectomy

Front 132

sound heard as inflamed pleura rub against each other

Back 132

pleural friction rub

Front 133

removal of one of the lungs

Back 133

pneumonectomy

Front 134

abnormal rattling or crackling sound from the lungs

Back 134

rales

Front 135

coarse snoring sound from the lungs

Back 135

rhonchi

Front 136

test used to measure the efficiency of breathing

Back 136

spirometry

Front 137

surgical puncture into the thoracic cavity for the removal of fluid

Back 137

thoracentesis

Front 138

making an opening into the thorax to carry out a surgical procedure

Back 138

thoracotomy

Front 139

surgical procedure to make a somewhat permanent opening in the trachea

Back 139

tracheostomy

Front 140

surgical procedure to cut into the trachea

Back 140

tracheotomy

Front 141

a term used to indicate the largest amount of air that can be exchanged during respiration

Back 141

vital capacity

Front 142

drug that works against or controls coughing

Back 142

antitussive

Front 143

drug that causes the dilation of the bronchi

Back 143

bronchodilator

Front 144

drug that works to decrease the congestion of the upper respiratory system

Back 144

decongestant

Front 145

drug used to help expel mucus from the chest

Back 145

expectorant

Front 146

drug that is delivered directly to the airway by inhalation

Back 146

inhalant

Front 147

a drug that breaks down mucus

Back 147

mucolytic agent