Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Personality |
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting |
|
|
Psychodynamic Theory on Personality |
Posit that behavior is dynamic interaction between conscious and unconscious mind. View personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences |
|
|
Humanistic Approach on Personality |
Focus on inner capacities for growth and self-fulfillment |
|
|
Trait Theories on Personality |
Examine characteristic patterns of behavior |
|
|
Social-Cognitive Theory on Personality |
Explore interaction between traits and social contex |
|
|
Freud’s PsychoanalyticPerspective: PerspectiveExploring the Unconscious |
Observed patientswhose disorders and/ordistress had no clearphysical explanations Concluded theirproblems reflectedunacceptable thoughtsand feelings, hiddenaway in the unconsciousmind |
|
|
What was Freud's idea of the structure of the mind? |
Freud hypothesized that the mind is mostly hidden beneath the the conscious surface and composed of the Id, Superego & Ego. |
|
|
Id |
A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives & survive. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. Totally unconscious |
|
|
Ego |
Operates on reality principle; seeks torealistically gratify id’s impulses to bring long-termpleasure; contains perceptions, thoughts, judgmentsand memories. Conscious + unconscious |
|
|
Superego |
Focuses on ideal behavior; strives forperfections; acts as moral conscious. Conscious + unconscious |
|
|
What are Freud's Psychosexual Stages |
Oral (0-18mo) Anal (18-36mo) Phallic (3-6yr) Latency (6-puberty) Genital (Puberty on) |
|
|
Oral |
(0 - 18 mo) Pleasure centers on the mouth sucking, biting, chewing |
|
|
Anal |
(18-36 mo) Pleasure focuses on bowel andbladder elimination; coping withdemands for control |
|
|
Phallic |
(3-6 yr) Pleasure zone is the genitals;coping with incestuous sexualfeelings |
|
|
Latency |
(6-puberty) A phase of dormant sexual feelings |
|
|
Genital |
(Puberty on) Maturation of sexual interests |
|
|
Oedipus Complex |
A boy's sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father |
|
|
Identification |
The process by which children incorporate their parent's values into their developing superegos |
|
|
Fixation |
A lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved |
|
|
Defense Mechanism |
The ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety & redirecting it by unconsciously distorting reality |
|
|
Repression |
The basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings & memories |
|
|
Regression |
- Faced with a mild stressor, children and young orangutans seek from their caregivers. - Freud might have interpreted these behaviors as regression, a retreat to an earlier developmental stage |
|
|
What are the 6 well known defense mechanisms? |
Regression Reaction Formation Projection Rationalization Displacement Denial |
|
|
Reaction Formation |
Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Ex: Repressing anger and displaying exaggerated friendliness |
|
|
Projection |
Disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others "The thief thinks everyone else is a thief" |
|
|
Rationalization |
Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one's actions |
|
|
Displacement |
Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person |
|
|
Denial |
Refusing to believe |
|
|
Neo-Freudians |
Accepted many of Freud’s ideas. Placed more emphasis on conscious mind and on socialmotives than sexual or aggression related ones |
|
|
Contemporary psychodynamic theorists |
- Reject Freud’s emphasis on sexual motivation - View mental life as primarily unconscious - Contend childhood social experiences influence adult personality and attachment patterns - Many believe species’ shared evolutionary history shaped some universal predispositions (archetypes) |
|
|
Projective Test |
Personality test that provides ambiguous stimulidesigned to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamicsand reveal unconscious motives |
|
|
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
Projective test in which people express their innerfeelings and interests through the stories they makeup about ambiguous scenes |
|
|
Rorschach inkblot test |
Most widely used projective test, a set of10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach. Seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of theblots; attempts to address low reliability and validity in most areas addressed with research-based,computer-aided tool |
|
|
Modern research contradicts many of Freud's Ideas... |
Many research psychologists now think ofthe unconscious as information processingthat occurs without awareness. |
|
|
Unconsciousness Involves... |
Schemas, priming, right-hemisphere activity, implicitmemories, emotions, and stereotypes |
|
|
Research supports which two of Freud’s defensemechanisms? |
Reaction Formation & Projection |
