Module 4

Front 1

High affinity + high intrinsic activity = maximum ______. (strongest possible response)

Back 1

Efficacy

Front 2

The study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced

Back 2

Pharmacodynamics

Front 3

Refers to the amount of a drug we must give to elicit an effect. Clinically irrelevant except in cases where it is so low that the doses become inconveniently large

Back 3

Potency

Front 4

the strength of attraction between a drug and its target receptors

Back 4

Affinity

Front 5

The ability of a drug to activate a receptor following binding

Back 5

Intrinsic Activity

Front 6

Intensity of the response at the receptor following binding

Back 6

Efficacy

Front 7

The drug with the greater intrinsic activity will produce the more intense response. The intensity of the response is the _____

Back 7

Efficacy

Front 8

Initial drug dosage is an approximation. Patient must be monitored to fine-tune further doses, because every patient will not react the same to all medications. This is a description of _______.

Back 8

Inter-patient variations

Front 9

_______ is an allergic reaction caused by the release of IgE from the mast cells and basophils

Back 9

Hypersensitivity reaction

Front 10

An agonistic drug that occupies some, but not all, of its target receptors, is called a _______.

Back 10

Partial Agonist

Front 11

An agonist that has only moderate intrinsic activity.

Back 11

Partial Agonist

Front 12

When the receptors of a cell are continually exposed to an agonist, the cell becomes less responsive. This cell is now _____.

Back 12

Desensitized

Front 13

Continuous exposure to antagonists can cause synthesis of more receptors. This cell is now _____.

Back 13

Hypersensitive

Front 14

LD50 / ED50 = ______.

Back 14

Therapeutic Index (TI)

Front 15

Amount of a drug that will cause death in half of the population.

Back 15

LD50

Front 16

Amount of a drug that will elicit a response in half of the population. Often used as a 'Standard' initial dose.

Back 16

ED50

Front 17

A drug with a high ______ has a high margin between its Effective Dose and its Lethal Dose, and thus is considered a 'safe' drug.

Back 17

Therapeutic Index (TI)

Front 18

The _______ are capable of catalyzing a wide variety of reactions using drugs as substrates. (Contained in the liver)

Back 18

Hepatic microsomal enzyme system

Front 19

The interaction between Calcium and tetracycline antibiotics is an example of a ______.

Back 19

Food-Drug interaction

Front 20

Aluminum-containing antacids and _______ can cause excessive absorption of aluminum.

Back 20

Citrus Juices

Front 21

Theophylline and ______ can cause excessive central nervous system stimulation.

Back 21

Caffeine

Front 22

Potassium-sparing diuretics plus ______ causes dangerously high levels of potassium which can cause cardiac dysrhythmia and death

Back 22

Salt substitutes

Front 23

Foods with ______ can reduce the effectiveness of warfarin (Coumadin)

Back 23

Vitamin K

Front 24

Some drugs are to be administered on an empty stomach (one hour before or two hours after eating). This is to prevent decreased ______.

Back 24

Absorption

Front 25

This theory states that a maximal response will occur when all available receptors have been occupied.

Back 25

Simple Occupancy Theory

Front 26

This theory explains that two drugs can occupy the same number of receptors, but they can produce different intensity responses.

Back 26

Modified Occupancy Theory

Front 27

An adverse drug reaction caused by excessive dosing.

Back 27

Toxicity

Front 28

The ______ of a drug is determined by the size of its Therapeutic Index (TI)

Back 28

Safety

Front 29

A drug with a high Therapeutic index is considered a ____ drug.

Back 29

Safe

Front 30

An _______ is a drug that prevents receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs.

Back 30

Antagonist

Front 31

_______ produce a receptor blockade by competing with agonists for receptor binding.

Back 31

Competitive (Surmountable) Antagonists

Front 32

_______ bind irreversibly to receptors, reducing the total number of receptors available for activation.

Back 32

Non-competitive (Insurmountable) Antagonists

Front 33

When two drugs are taken together, one may alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of the other. This is an example of a ____.

Back 33

Pharmacokinetic drug interaction

Front 34

The ___________ is a graph describing the relationships between the minimum amount of a drug we can use, the maximum response a drug can elicit, and how much we need to increase the dosage to produce the desired increase in response.

Back 34

Dose-Response Curve

Front 35

A ______ relationship describes maximal efficacy and relative potency.

Back 35

Dose-Response