Module 3 - Human Resource Development

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ADDIE Model

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Five-step instructional design process that governs the development of human resource development programs

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Analysis

Back 2

Level of learning characterized by understanding information to the level of being able to break it down and explain how it fits together.

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Andragogy

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Study of how adults learn

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Application

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Level of learning characterized by ability to use learned information in a new situation.

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Apprenticeship

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Relates to technical skills training; often a partnership between employers and unions.

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Aptitude

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Ability to learn information or acquire a skill.

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Asynchronous Learning

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Type of e-learning in which participants access information at different times in different places.

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Auditory learners

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People who learn best by relying on their sense of hearing.

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Bias

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Occurs when an appraiser's values, beliefs, or prejudices distort performance ratings.

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Blended Learning

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Planned approach to learning that includes a combination of methods such as classroom, e-learning, self-paced study, and performance support such as job aids or coaching.

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Career Development

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Process by which individuals progress through a series of stages in their careers, each of which is characterized by relatively unique issues, themes, and tasks.

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Career Management

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Preparing, implementing, and monitoring employees' career paths, with a primary focus on the goals of the organization.

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Career Planning

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Actions and activities that individuals perform in order to give direction in their work life.

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Cause-and-effect Diagram

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Diagram that maps out a list of factors that are thought to affect a problem or desired outcome.

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Central Tendency Error

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Error that occurs when an appraiser rates all employees within a narrow range, regardless of differences in actual performance.

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Check Sheets

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Simple visual tools used to collect and analyze data.

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Competencies

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Set of behaviors encompassing skills, knowledge, abilities, and personal attributes that are critical to successful work accomplishment.

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Comprehension

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Level of learning characterized by ability to translate or interpret information.

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Contrast Error

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Error that occurs when an employee's rating is based on how his/her performances compares to that of another employee rather than objective standards.

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Control Chart

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Chart that illustrates variations from normal in a situation over time.

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Copyright

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Form of protection provided by the US government to authors of "original works" to exclude others from printing or otherwise duplicating, distributing, or vending copies of their literary, artistic, and other creative expressions.

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Copyright Act

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Act that defines the protection provided to authors of "original works" to exclude others from printing or otherwise duplicating, distributing, or vending copies of their literary, artistic, and other creative expressions including through various means of technology.

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Core Competencies

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Skills, knowledge, and abilities that employees must possess in order to successfully perform job functions that are essential to business operations.

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Decreasing Returns

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Type of learning curve in which the amount of learning or skill level increases rapidly at first and then the rate of improvement slows.

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Developmental activities

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Activities that focus on preparing employees for future responsibilities while increasing their capacity to perform their current jobs.

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Distance Learning

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Process of delivering educational or instructional programs to locations away from a classroom or site.

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Diversity

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Differences in characteristics of people; can involve personality, work style, race, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, education, functional level of work, etc.

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Diversity Training

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Training designed to inform senior management and staff about diversity and to develop concrete skills that will facilitate enhanced productivity and communications among all employees.

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Dual Career Ladders

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Career development programs that identify meaningful career paths for professional and technical people whose preferences may be outside traditional management roles.

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E-Learning

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Delivery of formal and informal training and educational materials, processes and programs via the use of electronic media.

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Emotional Intelligence (EI)

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Ability of an individual to be sensitive to and understanding of the emotions of others and to manage his or her own emotions and impulses.

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Evaluation

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Level of learning characterized by ability to make judgements

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Executive Coaching

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Coaching typically conducted by a third-part vendor to support managers in mastering the fundamental principles and practices for achieving extraordinary results and empowering staff success.

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Expatriation

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Process of sending employees abroad and supporting their ability to adapt to cultural changes and complete their international assignment.

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External Coaching

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Coaching typically available to professional, exempt, and/or high-potential employees that is done in a private and confidential relationship with a trained or certified consultant/coach.

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Extrinsic Rewards

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Rewards such as pay, benefits, bonuses, promotions, achievement awards, time off, more freedom and autonomy, special assignments, etc.

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Fair Use

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Provision of the Copyright Act that allows the use of copyrighted work in certain circumstances.

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Fast-Track Programs

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Career development programs that involve identifying a pool of potential leaders and rapidly increasing their leadership skills development

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Glass Ceiling

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Strong but invisible career barrier that sometimes exists for minorities and women.

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Goal

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Clear statement, usually one in sentence, of the purpose and intent of a human resource development program.

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Halo Effect

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Occurs when an employee is extremely competent in one area and is therefore rated high in all categories.

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High-Context Culture

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Society or group where people have close connections over a long period of time and where many aspects of behavior are not made explicit, because most members know what to do and think from years of interaction

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Histogram

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Graphic representation of the distribution of a single type of measurement; data is represented by a series of rectangles of varying heights.

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Horn Effect

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Occurs when an employee receives an overall low rating b/c of one weakness.

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Human Resource Development

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Set of systematic and planned activities designed by an organization to provide its members with the necessary skills and/or competencies to meet current and future job demands.

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Increasing Returns

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Type of learning curve in which progress is initially slow b/c basics are being learned but then performance takes off after the initial learning phase

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Internal Coaching

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Consists of ongoing meetings between supervisors and employees to discuss the employee's career goals.

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Intrinsic Rewards

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Meaningful work, good feedback on performance, autonomy, and other factors that lead to high levels of satisfaction in the job.

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Job Enlargement

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Broadening the scope of a job by expanding the number of different tasks to be performed

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Job Enrichment

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Increases the depth of a job by adding responsibility for planning organizing, controlling, and evaluation.

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Job Rotation

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Movement between different jobs.

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Kinesthetic Learners

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People who learn best through a hands-on approach; also called tactile learners

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Knowledge

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Level of learning characterized by ability to recall specific facts.

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Knowledge Management (KM)

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Process of creating, acquiring, sharing, and managing knowledge to augment individual and organizational performance.

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Leadership

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Ability of an individual to influence a group or another individual toward the achievement of goals and results

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Learning management system (LMS)/Learning Management Content System (LMCS)

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System that holds course content information and has the capability of tracking and managing employee course registrations, career development, and other employee development activities.

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Learning Objectives (LOs)

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Learning elements that may be reused in a variety of contexts; examples include animated graphics, job aids, and print modules.

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Learning organization

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Organization characterized by a capability to adapt to changes in eviornment.

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Learning Styles

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Ways individuals learn and process ideas.

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Leniency Errors

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Errors that are the result of appraisers who don't want to give low scores

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Low-context Culture

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Society where people tend to have many connections but of shorter duration and where behavior and beliefs may need to be spelled out explicitly so that those coming into the culture environment know how to behave.

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Management

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Directing day-to-day organizational operations.

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Mentoring

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Developmentally oriented relationship between two individuals.

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Motivation

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Factors that initiate, direct, and sustain human behavior over time.

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Needs Assessment

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Process by which an organization's needs are identified in order to help the organization accomplish its objectives; also called needs analysis.

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Objectives

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Results that participants will be able to perform at the end of a human resource development program.

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Onboarding

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Process of new employee assimilation into the organization, which often lasts up to six months or a year.

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On-the-job Training (OJT)

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Training provided to employees at the work site utilizing demonstration and performance of job tasks.

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Organizational Culture

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Shared attitudes and perceptions in an organization.

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Organizational Development

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Process of enhancing the effectiveness of an organization and the well-being of its members through planned interventions.

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Organizational Learning

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Certain types of learning activities or processes that may occur at any one of several levels in an organization.

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Orientation

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Initial phase of employee training that covers organizational goals and strategies, job responsibilities, and organizational policies.

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Outplacement Programs

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Programs developed to assist displaces employees in finding jobs and adjusting to change.

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Pareto Chart

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Vertical bar graph on which bar height reflects frequency or impact of causes.

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Pedagogy

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Study of the education of children.

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Performance appraisal

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Process that measures the degree to which an employee accomplishes work requirements.

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Performance Management

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Process of maintaining or improving employee job performances through the use of performance assessment tools, coaching, and counseling as well as providing continuous feedback.

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Performance Standards

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Expectations of management translated into behaviors and results that employees can deliver

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Pilot Programs

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Human resource development programs offered initially in a controlled environment with a segment of the target audience.

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Plateau Curve

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Type of learning curve in which learning is fast at first but then flattens out with no apparent progress.

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Primacy Error

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Occurs when an appraiser gives more weight to an employee's earlier performance and discounts recent occurrences.

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Process-flow Analysis

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Diagram of the steps involved in a process.

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Public Domain

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Status of a work when copyright protection ends; in general, copyright protection covers the life of the author plus 70 years.

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Recency Error

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Error that occurs when an appraiser gives more weight to recent occurrences and discounts an employee's earlier performance during the appraisal period.

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Repatration

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Reintegrating employees into their home-country operations following an international assignment.

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Replacement Planning

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"Snapshot" assessment of the availability of qualified backup for key positions.

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Retention

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Ability to keep talented employees in an organization.

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Reusable Learning Objects

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Learning elements that may be reused in a variety of contexts; examples include animated graphics, job aids, and print modules.

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Scatter diagram

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Illustration that depicts possible relationships between two variables.

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Six Sigma

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Disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects.

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S-Shaped Curve

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Type of learning curve in which learning occurs in a series of increasing and decreasing returns; usually seen when an employee is attempting to learn a difficult task that also requires specific insight.

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Strictness

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Error that occurs when an appraiser believes standards are too low and inflates the standards in an effort to make them meaningful.

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Subject Matter Expert

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Person who is well versed in the content of a human resource development program.

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Succession Planning

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Process of systematically identifying, assessing, and developing leadership talent.

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SWOT Analysis

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Process for evaluating an organization's current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

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Synchronous Learning

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Type of e-learning in which participants interact together in real time.

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Synthesis

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Level of learning at which the learner is able to respond to new situations and determine trouble-shooting techniques and solutions.

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Talent Management

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Development and integration of HR processes that attract, develop, engage, and retain the knowledge, skills and abilities of employees that will meet current and future business needs.

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Theory of Constraints

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Systems management philosophy that states that every organization is hindered by constraints that come from its internal policies.

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Total Quality Mangement (TQM)

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Strategic, integrated management system for achieving customer satisfaction that involves all managers and employees and uses quantitative methods to continuously improve an organization's processes.

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Trainability

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Readiness to learn, combining a students' level of ability and motivation with their perceptions of the work environment.

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Training

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Process of providing knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) specific to a task or job.

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Transactional Leadership

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Leadership style that offers the promise of reward or the threat of disciple to motivate employees

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Transfer of training

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Effective and continuing on-the-job application of the knowledge and skills gained during a learning experience.

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Transformational Leadership

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Leadership style that motivates employees by inspiring them to join in a mutually satisfying achievement.

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Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures

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Federal guidelines that require employers to show that they are not discriminating against or creating adverse impact on a group of applicants or employees, including selecting participants for training.

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Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act

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Act that requires benefit continuation and crediting of service while an employee is on military active duty.

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Visual Learners

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People who learn best by relying on their sense of sight.