Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the three levels of government in Australia? |
Local State Federal |
|
|
Give 3 examples that each level of government do? |
Hold elections Make laws for citizens Is responsible for providing public goods and services |
|
|
Give 3 more examples that three level of government do? |
Punishes those who break the laws. Each level of government has particular responsibilities Funding and delivering health to Australians |
|
|
What is the local government monitor for? |
The physical environment for health and safety concerns, water quality, mosquito control, and food safety surveillance and education and infection control. Roles Vary across Australia |
|
|
What is the local government responsible for? |
Providing services within their local area |
|
|
What are some services provided by the local government? |
Maintenance of roads and footpaths, garbage collection, town planning, infant welfare centres and childcare centres, meals on wheels, libraries, maintenance of parks and gardens, swimming pools. |
|
|
What are the services of the local government in terms of health care? |
Baby clinics, immunisation, food safety, environmental protection, cultural activities, community development and local economic development |
|
|
What is the main role of the state government? |
The states develop strategies for implementing the federal government's main policies objectives. |
|
|
What would the state government's role be in education? |
Government primary and secondary schools, curriculum and assessment, coordinator of higher education, health promoting in schools "sunsmart" |
|
|
What is the state governments role in health? |
Public hospitals, nursing services, ambulance services, coordination of aged care, children's, youth, mental and community health services, health surveillance |
|
|
What is the state governments role in community services? |
Disability services, child protection, national parks. |
|
|
What is the state/territory government functions in health (4) |
Health protection Disease prevention Health promotion Policy and program managment |
|
|
What is the state governments role in health protection? |
Such as environmental health, drugs and posions |
|
|
What is the state governments role in disease prevention? |
Examples include surveillance, health education, immunisation, STI and cancer screening |
|
|
What is the state governments role in health promotion? |
Focus on physical activity, nutrition, maternal and child health, tobacco, drugs and alcohol and injury prevention |
|
|
What is the state governments role in policy and programme support? |
Epidemiology, evaluation, research, workforce development, policy development within and outside the sector impacting on health and clinical service guidelines. |
|
|
Which tier of government is responsible for funding health care of all Australians? |
The federal government |
|
|
Which tier of government has a role in establishing national adgenda for health priorities and coordinated action? |
The federal government |
|
|
What is one of the main contributions made by the federal government? |
To the main policy objectives. |
|
|
Provide an example of the main policy objectives contributed to by the Federal government? |
Establishing medicare and through agreement with the states setting the health adgenda on national priorities including public health. |
|
|
List some responsibilities of the federal government |
Defence, foreign policy, immigration, trade and commerce, airports and airport security, post and telecommunications, unemployment and unemployment, national public parks, social services such as pensions and family support, medicare and health funding, post and secondary education and currency. |
|
|
Who are universities and TAFE colleges are funded by? |
Both the Federal and state governments |
|
|
Who is the hospital system funded by? |
Funded by Commonwealth and State governments.
Administered by State Government |
|
|
Who is the criminal justice system (courts and police) funded by? |
Mostly under state jurisdiction. Also federal courts and police who have authority over certain matters. |
|
|
What is the current expenditure on public health |
2.1% |
|
|
What are the 8 National Health Priority Areas in Australia? |
Cardiovascular health Cancer control Injury prevention and control Mental health Diabetes mellitus Asthma Arthritis and musculoskeletal health Obesity |
|
|
Define a Non Government Organisation |
An organisation that is neither part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business. |
|
|
Who are NGO's usually set up by? |
Ordinary citizens |
|
|
Who may NGO's be funded by? |
Governments Foundations Businesses Private persons |
|
|
Give 5 examples of NGOs |
The cancer council The National Heart Foundation Diabetes Australia Australian Red Cross |
|
|
What are the roles of NGO's |
Range of roles: Information and education, fundraising, advocacy, lobbying and research, in the promotion of health and the detection and treatment of specific health issues. |
|
|
National Health Priority Areas in Australia? |
1. Cardiovascular health 2. Cancer control 3. Injury prevention and control 4. Mental health 5. Diabetes mellitus 6. Asthma 7. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders 8. Obesity |
|
|
What are the specific actions required in the priority areas: |
1. monitor health outcomes and progress towards set targets 2. identify the most appropriate and cost-effective points of intervention 3. identify the most appropriate role for government and non-government organisations in fostering the adoption of best practice 4. investigate some of the basic determinants of health, such as education, employment and socioeconomic status |
|
|
What national agency was established in 2011 to advance the prevention agenda? |
The Australian National Preventive Health Agency (ANPHA) |
|
|
What is universal health care? |
A health care system which provides health care and financial protection to all citizens of a particular country
|
|
|
What three critical dimensions can universal health care be determined by? |
who is covered, what services are covered, and how much of the cost is covered. |
|
|
What is primary health care? |
health care provided in the community for people making an initial approach to a medical practitioner or clinic for advice or treatment. |
|
|
What is equity? |
Trying to understand and give people what they need. |
|
|
What is equality? |
Aims to ensure that everyone gets the same things, aims to promote fairness and justice but it can only work if everyone starts from the same place and needs the same things |
|
|
Main issues with America's health care system? |
Insurance companies can deny coverage to people who are sick or who have “pre-existing conditions,” and they can make a profit. |
|
|
Main issues with Britain's health care system? |
Britain’s pay a higher tax to pay for the NHS |
|
|
Main issues with Taiwan's health care system? |
Government not earning enough money to cover the medical costs |
|
|
Main issues with China's health care system? |
Shortage of doctors and nurses, insurance only covers some |
|
|
Main issues with India's health care system? |
Lack of government funding, long lines, insufficient staff |
|
|
Main issues with Japan's health care system? |
Too little spent on health care – half of hospitals are in financial deficit |
|
|
Main issues with Germany's health care system? |
Doctors feel underpaid |
|
|
Main issues with Switzerland's health care system? |
Second highest cost in the world |
|
|
What is the criteria for extreme poverty? |
People who have an income of less than $1 a day |
|
|
What is globalisation? |
Globalisation is the movement across national boundaries of people, ideas, money, goods and services which results in the world becoming politically, economically and culturally interconnected and interdependent. |
|
|
What is the global north? |
Developed world |
|
|
What is the global south? |
Developing world |
|
|
What is a communicable disease? |
An infectious disease transmissible (as from person to person) by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual's discharges or by indirect mean |
|
|
What is a non communicable disease? |
Medical condition or disease that is non infectious and non transmissible among people. |
|
|
Are NCD the leading cause of death and disease worldwide? |
Yes |
|
|
What are the top causes of mortality globally? |
Heart disease CPD LRI HIV/AIDS Diarrhea Road injury Diabetes Tuberculosis |
|
|
What are the top ten DALY's globally? |
Heart disease, LRI, stroke, diarrhea, HIV/AIDS, malaria, low back pain, Preterm birth, COPD, Road injury |
|
|
Main causes of chronic disease and long-term impairments in developing countries?
|
Dietary risks, HBP, smoking, indoor air pollution, childhoodunderweight, High blood sugar, outdoor air pollution, alcohol use, occupational injuries and high BMI |
|
|
What is the trend of life expectancy? |
Risen more than 30 years since the late 1800’s |
|
|
What is the life expectancy in the developed world? |
Higher than average, 79 years (average global is 71 years) |
|
|
What is the life expectancy in the developing world? |
Lower than average, 62 years |
|
|
What is the global reason for increase in life expectancy? |
Fallen death rates, declining fertility, older population, global population growth |
|
|
What are the MDG's |
The eight international development goals that were established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations |
|
|
What year was the Millennium Summit of the United Nations? |
2000 |
|
|
When are the goals to be completed by? |
2015 |
|
|
What are the first four MDG's |
1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. To achieve universal primary education 3. To promote gender equality 4. To reduce child mortality |
|
|
What are the 5-8 MDG's |
5. To improve maternal health 6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. To ensure environmental sustainability 8. To develop a global partnership for development |
|
|
What are the major themes to address issues? |
1. It’s all about public health2. The future is primary healthcare3. Global health commitments = Commitment to global health4. Upstream to downstream levels of action5. Equity |
|
|
What are the main issues with health care systems? |
1. Healthcare systems are complex and diverse 2. Funding and resource allocation and political and difficult 3. Care 4. Measuring health and healthcare systems |
|
|
Why is Funding and resource allocation and political and difficult an issue? |
Health financing systems vary around the world May have a mix between taxes and insurance user pays or universal public and private funding Political terrain |
|
|
What are the three sub issues under the issue of care? |
Fragmented and fragmenting care Unsafe care misdirected care |
|
|
What is fragmented care? |
The excessive specialization of health-care providers and the narrow focus of many disease control programs discourage a holistic approach to the individuals and the families they deal with and do not appreciate the need for continuity in care
|
|
|
What is fragmented care? |
Lack of integration (disjointed silos and structural relationships) The interface between primary health care and acute hospitals suffers from a lack of information sharing, and communication |
|
|
What is unsafe care? |
Nosocomial infections / avoidable errors
Poor system design that is unable to ensure safety and hygiene standards leads to high rates of hospital-acquired infections, along with medication errors and other avoidable adverse effects that are an underestimated cause of death and ill-health. |
|
|
What is misdirected care? |
Resources cluster curative services at great cost, neglecting the potential of primary prevention and health promotion to prevent up to 70% of the disease burden.
|
