Module 17 And 18

Front 1

Individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Back 1

personality

Front 2

- founder of psychoanalysis
- proposed the first complete theory of personality
- a person’s thoughts and behaviors emerge from tension generated by unconcious motives and unresolved childhood conflicts

Back 2

Sigmund Freud

Front 3

- Freud’s theory of personality
- also a therapeutic technique (attempts to provide insight into one’s thoughts and actions)
- exposes and interprets the underlying unconscious motives and conflicts

Back 3

Psychoanalysis

Front 4

- view of personality that retains some aspects of Freudian theory but rejects other aspects
- retains the importance of the unconscious thought process
- unresolved childhood conflicts as a source of personality development has less importance

Back 4

Psychodynamic Perspective

Front 5

- method of exploring the unconscious
- person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind (no matter how trivial or embarrassing)

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Free Association

Front 6

- The thoughts and feelings one is currently aware of

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Conscious Mind

Front 7

- region of the mind holding information that is not conscious but is retrievable into conscious awareness
- Holds thoughts and memories not in one’s current awareness but can easily be retrieved

Back 7

Preconscious Mind

Front 8

- Region of the mind that is a receiver of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, memories

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Unconscious Mind

Front 9

- the part of personality that consists of unconscious, psychic energy
- strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives
- operates on the “pleasure principle”- demanding immediate gratification
- this is present from birth

Back 9

“Id”

Front 10

- the part of personality that consists of internalized ideals and standards
- one’s conscience: focuses on what the person “should” do

Back 10

“Superego”

Front 11

- largely conscious,“esecutive” part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality
- Operates on the reality principle--satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

Back 11

"Ego”

Front 12

- puts anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories into the unconscious mind
- the basis for all other defense mechanisms

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Repression

Front 13

- allows an anxious person to retreat to a more comfortable, infantile stage of life

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Regression

Front 14

- lets an anxious person refuse to admit that something unpleasant is happening

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Denial

Front 15

- Disguises threatening feelings of guilty anxiety by attributing the problems to others

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Projection

Front 16

- Displaces real, anxiety-provoking explanations with more comforting justifications for one’s actions

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Rationalization

Front 17

- shifts an unacceptable impulse toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

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Displacement

Front 18

- personality tests that provide ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of one’s inner thoughts and feelings

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Projective Tests

Front 19

- projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
- the person makes up a story of a picture they are shown

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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Front 20

- Personality test that seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of 10 inkblots
- most widely used personality test

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Rorschach Inkblot Test

Front 21

- perspective that focuses on:
- conscious experiences
- the free will and creative abilities
- capacity for personal growth
- studies fulfilled and healthy individuals rather than troubled people

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The Humanistic Perspective

Front 22

- Humanistic psychologist who proposed the hierarchy of needs
- Believed self-actualization is the ultimate psychological need

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Abraham Maslow

Front 23

- Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs, proceeding through safety needs and then to psychological needs
- higher level needs won’t become active until lower level needs have been satisfied

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Hierarchy of Needs

Front 24

- according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need
- arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved the motivation to fulfill potential

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Self-Actualization

Front 25

-followers of Freud`s theories but developed theories of their own in areas where they disagreed with Freud
-include Adler ,Jung, and Horney

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Neo-Freudians

Front 26

-Neo-Freudian
-social tensions were more important than sexual tensions in the development of personality
-psychological problems were the result of feelings of inferiority
-called his personality theory “individual psychology.”

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Alfred Adler

Front 27

-this concept implies feelings of belonging being part of the community and being coresponsible for the welfare of individuals in society.
-it exists as a potential in everyone but must be cultivated in the child in order to develop.
-the degree to which social interest develops in the individual is the only true measure of mental health.

Back 27

“Social Interest”

Front 28

-according to Adler, a condition that comes from being unable to compensate for normal inferiority feelings

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Inferiority Complex

Front 29

-Neo-Freudian who believed that humans share a collective unconscious

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Carl Jung

Front 30

-Jung`s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our ancestors
-Information everyone knows from birth
-Archetypes--universal symbols found in stories, myths, and art

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Collective Unconscious

Front 31

-Neo-Freudian who found psychoanalysis negatively biased toward women
-Believed cultural/social variables are the foundation of personality development

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Karen Horney

Front 32

-According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

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Unconditional Positive Regard

Front 33

-Freely expressing one`s feelings and not being afraid to disclose details about oneself

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Genuineness

Front 34

-Sharing thoughts and understanding
-Listening and reflecting the other person`s feelings

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Empathy

Front 35

-Humanistic measures of personality center on evaluating a person`s self concept--all of our thought and feelings about ourselves
-answer the question, Who Am I?”

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Humanistic Measures

Front 36

-aspects of personality that are relatively consistent

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Trait

Front 37

-emphasizes the power of situations on human behavior
-states that understanding personality involves:
-How are people affected by a particular situation,
-What they have learned,
-How they think
-How they interact socially

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Social-Cognitive Perspective

Front 38

-Emphasized on individual uniqueness.
Identified “kinds” of traits--paved the way for later researchers
-Stressed importance of studying mentally healthy people

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Gordon Allport

Front 39

-English psychologist who researched whether some traits predicted others
-Proposed 16 key personality dimensions or factors
-Each factor was measured on a continuum

Back 39

Raymond Cattell