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14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
sensation
the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
perception
analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.
bottom-up processing
information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.
top-down processing
conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds and smells, into neural impulses our brain can interpret.
transduction
the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them.
psychophysics
the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.
absolute threshold
a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness.
signal detection theory
below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
subliminal
the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response.
priming
the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time.
difference threshold
the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a given percentage (rather than a given amount).
Weber's law
diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.
sensory adaptation
a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.
perceptual set