Module 11 + 12

Front 1

cyst-
vesic-

Back 1

sac, cyst; bladder

*not limited to urinary system

Front 2

nephr-
ren-

Back 2

kidney

Front 3

pyel-

Back 3

renal pelvis; urine reservoir in kidney [which passes urine to ureter]

"pelvis" (LATIN), "pyelos" (GREEK) = a bowl

Front 4

ur-
urin-

Back 4

urine; urinary tract; urination

Front 5

ureter-

Back 5

ureter; tube carrying urine from kidney to bladder

Front 6

urethr-

Back 6

urethra; tube carrying urine from the bladder to outside the body

Front 7

uric-

Back 7

uric acid

Front 8

aden-

Back 8

gland; lymph node

Front 9

adren-

Back 9

adrenal gland

ad-renal = "near the kidney"

Front 10

hormon-

Back 10

hormone

Front 11

amygdal-*
tonsill-*

Back 11

tonsil

"amygdalos" (GREEK) = almond
[resembling the outer appearance of an almond]

*alternate def'n "amygdal-" in Mod.12

Front 12

lymph-

Back 12

lymph

Front 13

lymphatic-

Back 13

lymphatic system; lymphatic duct

Front 14

por-

Back 14

pore; passage

Front 15

splen-
lien-

Back 15

spleen

Front 16

adip-
lip-
steat-

Back 16

fat

Front 17

seb-

Back 17

sebum; fatty secretion [of the sebaceous gland]

Front 18

crin-

Back 18

secretion

Front 19

hidr

Back 19

sweat

Front 20

hist-

Back 20

tissue [of an animal or plant]

Front 21

hygr-

Back 21

moisture

Front 22

onc-

Back 22

tumour; swelling; abnormal mass

Front 23

py-

Back 23

pus

Front 24

tox-
toxic-
toxon-
ven-*
venen-
venom-

Back 24

poison

tox...- (GREEK), ven...- (LATIN) = poison

Front 25

zym-

Back 25

enzyme; fermentation

Front 26

aeti-
eti-

Back 26

cause

i.e. aeti-/eti- + -ology = cause (not the usual "the study of the cause")

Front 27

antr-

Back 27

antrum; cavity

Front 28

aux-

Back 28

increase

Front 29

bar-
bary-

Back 29

weight; pressure

Front 30

carcin-

Back 30

cancer; cancerous [ADJ root]

Front 31

chron-

Back 31

time

(GREEK)

*Chronus, Greek god of time

Front 32

drom-

Back 32

a running; flow

Front 33

dynam-

Back 33

power

Front 34

helc-

Back 34

ulceration

Front 35

hypn-
somn-

Back 35

sleep

(GREEK)

*Hypnos, Greek god of sleep

Front 36

icter-

Back 36

jaundice

*yellowing of skin or the eyes

Front 37

kinemat-
kinesi-
kinema-

Back 37

movement

Front 38

later-*

Back 38

side

*alternate def'n in Mod.2

Front 39

sept-*
saept-

Back 39

septum [a wall that divides two cavities]

*alternate def'n "sept-" in Mod.8

Front 40

all-

Back 40

other; another; divergent; alternating

Front 41

anis-

Back 41

unequal

Front 42

atel-

Back 42

incomplete

Front 43

atret-

Back 43

without an opening (to an organ/structure)

Front 44

brachy-

Back 44

short

*no c.v. follows

Front 45

brady-

Back 45

slow

*no c.v. follows

Front 46

idi-

Back 46

individual; distinct; distinctive; unknown

Front 47

is-
equ-

Back 47

equal

*equ- followed by c.v. = i

Front 48

lept-

Back 48

thin

Front 49

macr-

Back 49

large; long

Front 50

megal-

Back 50

large

Front 51

mes-

Back 51

middle

Front 52

micr-

Back 52

small

Front 53

olig-

Back 53

few; small; scanty

Front 54

mes-

Back 54

middle

Front 55

orth-

Back 55

straight; normal; correct

Front 56

micr-

Back 56

small

Front 57

oxy-*

Back 57

acute; swift; sharp; sour
*used as an ADJ

"oxys" (GREEK) = sharp

*no c.v. follows
*alternate def'n in Mod.6

Front 58

olig-

Back 58

few; small; scanty

Front 59

pachy-

Back 59

thick

*no c.v. follows

Front 60

orth-

Back 60

straight; normal; correct

Front 61

pale-

Back 61

old; ancient

Front 62

oxy-*

Back 62

acute; swift; sharp; sour
*used as an ADJ

"oxys" (GREEK) = sharp

*no c.v. follows
*alternate def'n in Mod.6

Front 63

poikil-

Back 63

mottled; varied; irregular

Front 64

pachy-

Back 64

thick

*no c.v. follows

Front 65

prosth-
prosthet-

Back 65

artificial

Front 66

pale-

Back 66

old; ancient

Front 67

prot-

Back 67

first; earliest

Front 68

poikil-

Back 68

mottled; varied; irregular

Front 69

prosth-
prosthet-

Back 69

artificial

Front 70

prot-

Back 70

first; earliest

Front 71

pseud-

Back 71

false; imaginary

Front 72

schist-
schiz-

Back 72

split

Front 73

scirrh-

Back 73

hard [ADJ]; hard, cancerous tumour [NOUN]

Front 74

scoli-

Back 74

crooked; laterally curved

Front 75

sten-

Back 75

narrow; constricted

Front 76

tach-
tachy-

Back 76

rapid

*no c.v. follows "tachy-"

Front 77

xen-

Back 77

strange/foreign [ADJ]; foreigner [NOUN]

Front 78

xer-
sicc-

Back 78

dry

Front 79

-agogue

Back 79

agent used to induce...

1. (an action)
2. flow (of a substance, or from an organ/tissue)
3. expulsion (of a foreign body)

Front 80

anti- ... -agogue

Back 80

agent used to suppress...

1. (an action)
2. flow (of a substance, or from an organ/tissue)
3. expulsion (of a foreign body)

Front 81

-auxe
-auxis
-auxesis

Back 81

enlargement

Front 82

-crine

Back 82

secretion

Front 83

-elcosis

Back 83

ulceration (of an organ or structure)

Front 84

-emesis

Back 84

vomiting (of a substance)

Front 85

-emetic

Back 85

causing vomiting (of a substance)

Front 86

-emphraxis

Back 86

obstruction

Front 87

-lepsy

Back 87

seizure

Front 88

-phyma
-phymata (pl.)

Back 88

swelling

Front 89

-pore

Back 89

pore; passage

Front 90

-toxin

Back 90

substance poisonous to (an organ/tissue)

poisonous substance present in (plant/life form)

(GREEK)

Front 91

anti- ... -toxin

Back 91

agent used to oppose...

...the substance poisonous to (an organ/tissue)

...the poisonous substance present in (plant/life form)

Front 92

-uria

Back 92

condition of the urine; urination; presence of (a substance) in the urine

Front 93

a- ... -uria

Back 93

absence of (a substance) in the urine

Front 94

acanth-

Back 94

thorn; prickle

Front 95

al-
pter-
pteryg-

Back 95

wing

Front 96

amygdal-*

Back 96

almond

*alternate def'n in Mod.11

Front 97

anth-
flor-

Back 97

flower; blossom

Front 98

api-
meliss-

Back 98

bee

*no c.v. follows "api-"

Front 99

arachn-*

Back 99

spider; spider-like; web; web-like

(GREEK)

*Greek myth of Athena and Arachne
Arachne was a talented weaver who boasted to be better/as good as Athena (goddess of wisdom/weaving)
Athena challenges Arachne and beats her, and somehow changes Arachne into a spider

Front 100

arbor-

Back 100

tree

Front 101

av-
ornith-

Back 101

bird

*c.v. for "av-" = i

Front 102

bacc-
cocc-

Back 102

berry

Front 103

blast-*

Back 103

bud; germ; embryonic cell

*alternate def'n in Mod.7

Front 104

carp-*

Back 104

fruit; seed

*alternate def'n in Mod.10

Front 105

clad-
ram-

Back 105

branch

Front 106

cortic-*

Back 106

bark, outer layer

*alternate def'n in Mod.5

Front 107

cyn-
can-

Back 107

dog

Front 108

flagell-

Back 108

whip; whip-like appendage

Front 109

flocc-
floccul-

Back 109

tuft of hair

Front 110

foli-
phyll-

Back 110

leaf

Front 111

formic-

Back 111

ant

*uses suffix "-iasis"

Front 112

frond-

Back 112

leaf; leafy branch; frond

Front 113

helminth-
verm-
vermin-

Back 113

worm

*"helminth-" uses suffix "-iasis"

Front 114

herp-
herpet-

Back 114

reptile; snake; spreading blister

Front 115

ichthy-
pisc-

Back 115

ichthy- (GREEK) = fish, scaly
pisc- (LATIN) = fish

Front 116

lign-
hyl-
xyl-

Back 116

wood

Front 117

nid-

Back 117

nest

Front 118

nuc-

Back 118

nut

Front 119

onych-
onyx-
ungu-
ungul-

Back 119

nail; hoof; claw

Front 120

phyt-

Back 120

plant; growth

Front 121

saur-

Back 121

lizard

Front 122

set-

Back 122

bristle; seta [pl. setae]

Front 123

spin-*

Back 123

thorn; spine

*alternate def'n in Mod.10

Front 124

spor-

Back 124

spore

Front 125

trich-

Back 125

hair

Front 126

zo-

Back 126

animal; living organism

(GREEK)

"zoon" = animal

Front 127

anthrac-*

Back 127

coal

*alternate def'n in Mod.8

Front 128

argent-*

Back 128

silver

*alternate def'n in Mod.8

Front 129

carbon-

Back 129

carbon

Front 130

chrys-*
aur-*

Back 130

gold

*alternate def'n in Mod.8

Front 131

cupr-

Back 131

copper

Front 132

lith-
petr-

Back 132

rock; stone

Front 133

plumb-

Back 133

lead

Front 134

sider-
ferr-

Back 134

iron

Front 135

thi-

Back 135

sulphur

Front 136

bacter-

Back 136

bacteria

Front 137

carn-

Back 137

flesh

Front 138

chem-

Back 138

chemical

Front 139

corpor-

Back 139

corpus; body

(LATIN)

Front 140

cry-

Back 140

extreme cold; extremely cold [ADJ]

Front 141

erg-
ergasi-

Back 141

work

Front 142

hum-

Back 142

soil; earth

Front 143

loc-
top-

Back 143

place; location

Front 144

meteor-

Back 144

weather; atmosphere

Front 145

nos-
morb-

Back 145

disease

Front 146

nyct-
nyctal-
noct-

Back 146

night; during the night

Front 147

phot-
luc-
lumen-

Back 147

light

Front 148

physi-

Back 148

nature

Front 149

psychr-

Back 149

cold [NOUN] or [ADJ]

*always follow by c.v. no matter what!

Front 150

pyr-

Back 150

heat; fire

Front 151

pyret-

Back 151

fever

Front 152

sol-
heli-

Back 152

sun

*Helios (GREEK) god of sun, always shown on a chariot

*Sol (LATIN) roman god of sun, shown with spikes on his head

Front 153

ge-
terr-

Back 153

the earth; land

*Gaea (GREEK) goddess of the Earth

Front 154

therm-

Back 154

heat; temperature

Front 155

trop-

Back 155

a turning; change

Front 156

-ergasia
-ergia
-urgy

Back 156

work