Module 1: Organization Of The Human Body

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

The structure and shape of the human body

- Gross (macroscopic) Anatomy

- Microscopic Anatomy

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

The processes (functions) of the body

- Cellular Physiology

- Renal Physiology

- Cardiovascular Physiology

Front 3

Gross Anatomy

Back 3

Structures visible to the naked eye. Also called macroscopic anatomy.

- Surface Anatomy

- Systemic Anatomy

- Regional Anatomy

- Surgical Anatomy

Front 4

Microscopic Anatomy

Back 4

Structures visible under a microscope

- Cytology

- Histology

- Embryology

Front 5

Levels of Structural Organization

Back 5

- Chemical Level

- Cellular Level

- Tissue Level

- Organ Level

- System Level

- Organism Level

Front 6

Integumentary System

Back 6

- Skin, accessory organs (hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands)

- Covers/protects tissues, and regulates temp

Front 7

Skeletal System

Back 7

- Bones of the skeleton + cartilage

- Protects/supports organs, forms blood cells, stores minerals

Front 8

Muscular System

Back 8

- Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

- Produces movement, maintains posture

Front 9

Nervous System

Back 9

- Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

- Coordinates body movements through rapid activation of muscles and glands

Front 10

Endocrine System

Back 10

- Ductless glands that secrete hormones

- Regulates metabolism and chemical reactions

Front 11

Cardiovascular System

Back 11

- Heart and blood vessels

- Transports nutrients, gases, and other substances, provides a medium for disease control

Front 12

Lymphatic/Immune System

Back 12

- Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes

- Returns extra cellular fluid to blood, defends against disease

Front 13

Digestive System

Back 13

- Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas)

- Breaks down/absorbs nutrients

Front 14

Respiratory System

Back 14

- Lungs and the tubes that bring air to and from the lungs

- Exchanges gases between the external environment and the blood

Front 15

Urinary System

Back 15

- Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

- Removes metabolic wastes, regulates fluid levels, regulates acid-base balance

Front 16

Reproductive System

Back 16

- Testes, glands, ducts, and penis (male)

- Ovaries, ducts, uterus, and vagina (female)

- Survival of the human species, creating new individuals

Front 17

Homeostasis

Back 17

When your body is healthy it is in a state of equilibrium in a relatively constant internal environment

- (same-always)

Front 18

Negative Feedback

Back 18

Reduces initial stimulus

Front 19

Positive Feedback

Back 19

Increases initial stimulus

Front 20

Directional Term: Superior

Back 20

Above a structure--towards the head

Front 21

Directional Term: Inferior

Back 21

Below a structure--away from the head

Front 22

Directional Term: Anterior (Ventral)

Back 22

Towards the front. From the shoulder blades to the chest

Front 23

Directional Term: Posterior (Dorsal)

Back 23

Towards the back. From the chest to the shoulder blades

Front 24

Directional Term: Medial

Back 24

Towards the middle

Front 25

Directional Term: Lateral

Back 25

Away from the middle

Front 26

Directional Term: Intermediate

Back 26

Between the side and the middle

Front 27

Directional Term: Ipsilateral

Back 27

On the same side of the body

Front 28

Directional Term: Contralateral

Back 28

On the opposite side of the body

Front 29

Directional Term: Proximal

Back 29

Closer to origin. Proximity

Front 30

Directional Term: Distal

Back 30

Farther from origin. Distant

Front 31

Directional Term: Superficial

Back 31

Towards the surface of the body; external

Front 32

Directional Term: Deep

Back 32

Away from the body's surface; internal

Front 33

Body Region: Axial

Back 33

Consists of the head, neck, and trunk (torso)

Front 34

Body Region: Appendicular Region

Back 34

Consists of the upper limbs (arms and hands) and the lower limbs (legs and feet)

Front 35

Body Plane: Sagittal
(Midsagittal and Parasagittal)

Back 35

- Vertical line that separates left and right

(midsagittal is equal, parasagittal is unequal parts)

Front 36

Body Plane: Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Back 36

- Vertical line that separates the body into anterior and posterior

Front 37

Body Plane: Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

Back 37

- Also called a cross-section. Separates body into superior and inferior

Front 38

Body Plane: Oblique

Back 38

Horizontal

Front 39

Body Cavity: Dorsal Cavity

Back 39

- Cranial cavity: Brain

- Spinal (vertebral cavity): Spinal cord

Front 40

Body Cavity: Ventral Cavity

Back 40

- Thoracic cavity: Divided by mediastinum--including heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and large blood vessels. Each side of the mediastinum is the lungs

- Abdominopelvic cavity: Stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, and small intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs.