Module 1 And Module 2

Front 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Back 1

established the first psychology lab; Professor at University of Leipzig in Germany; research on reaction times in 1879; credited with "Birth of Psychology";

Front 2

Edward Bradford Titchener

Back 2

introduced structuralism; student of Wundt; Professor at Cornell University; used introspection study mind's structure;

Front 3

structuralism

Back 3

early school of psychology; used introspection to study elements of human mind;

Front 4

functionalism

Back 4

school of psychology; focus on how mental and behavioral processes function; studies how these functions help humans to adapt, survive and flourish;

Front 5

William James

Back 5

wrote the first textbook in psychology; studied Darwin and adaptive behavior; functionalist; taught Mary Whiton Calkins;

Front 6

Mary Whiton Calkins

Back 6

pioneering memory researcher; first woman to be president of the American Psychological Association;

Front 7

Margaret Floy Washburn

Back 7

first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.; synthesized animal behavior in The Animal Mind;

Front 8

Sigmund Freud

Back 8

Austrian physician; emphasized importance of unconscious mind and its effects on behavior; influential theory of personality;

Front 9

behaviorism

Back 9

psychology is objective, rooted in observation; studies behavior;

Front 10

humanistic psychology

Back 10

emphasize growth potential of healthy people; emphasize individual's potential for personal growth; emphasize current environmental influences on growth potential; importance of having needs for love and acceptance satisfied;

Front 11

cognitive neuroscience

Back 11

interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, language, etc)

Front 12

John B. Watson

Back 12

Worked with Rosalie Rayner; behaviorist; demonstrated conditioned responses on baby "Little Albert";

Front 13

Rosalie Rayner

Back 13

Worked with John B. Watson; behaviorist; demonstrated conditioned responses on baby "Little Albert";

Front 14

B.F. Skinner

Back 14

behaviorist; rejected introspection; studied how consequences shape behavior;

Front 15

psychology

Back 15

the science of behavior and mental processes

Front 16

nature-nurture issue

Back 16

controversy over relative contributions that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits

Front 17

Charles Darwin

Back 17

believed natural selection shapes behaviors and bodies

Front 18

natural selection

Back 18

among all inherited traits, the traits that contribute to reproduction and survival are the most likely to be passed on to later generations

Front 19

levels of analysis

Back 19

different ways of analyzing any given phenomenon; biological; psychological; social-cultural;

Front 20

biopsychosocial approach

Back 20

incorporates biological, psychological and social-cultural levels of analysis;

Front 21

Neuroscience perspective

Back 21

focuses on how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

Front 22

Evolutionary perspective

Back 22

focuses on how the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes

Front 23

Behavior genetics perspective

Back 23

focuses on how much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences

Front 24

Psychodynamic perspective

Back 24

focuses on how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Front 25

Behavioral perspective

Back 25

focuses on how we learn observable responses

Front 26

Cognitive perspective

Back 26

focuses on how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Front 27

Social-cultural perspective

Back 27

focuses on how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

Front 28

basic research

Back 28

pure science that aims to increase scientific base knowledge; e.g. exploring links between brain and mind;

Front 29

applied research

Back 29

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems; e.g. helping companies increase morale of employees;

Front 30

counseling psychology

Back 30

branch of psychology; assists people with problems in living and achieving greater well-being;

Front 31

clinical psychology

Back 31

branch of psychology; studies, assesses, treats people with psychological disorders;

Front 32

psychiatry

Back 32

branch of medicine; deals with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy;

Front 33

hindsight bias

Back 33

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it

Front 34

overconfidence

Back 34

the tendency of humans to believe that they know more than they actually do

Front 35

critical thinking

Back 35

examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, assesses conclusions

Front 36

culture

Back 36

enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Front 37

scientific attitude

Back 37

curiosity, skepticism, humility