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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world.
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cognitive-developmental theory
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focuses on how culture, values, beliefs, customs and skills of a social group is tranmitted to the next generation.
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sociocultural theory
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cooperative dialogue with more knowledgeable memebers of society is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinkng and behaing that make up a community's culture.
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Vygotsky's social interaction
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the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment.
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ecological systems theory - urie bronfenbrenner
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an approach to go into the field or natural environment, and record the behavior of interest
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naturalisitic observation
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investigators can see directly the everyday behaviors they hope to explain.
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strength of natural observation
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not all individuals have the same oppportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life.
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limitation
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a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest so that every participant has an equal opportunity to display the response.
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structured observations
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a descriptive, qualitative technique, directed toward understanding a culture or a distinct social group through participant observation.
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ethnography
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researchers gather information on individuals, genrally in natural life circumstances, without altering their experiences. They look at relationships between participants characterisitins and their behavior or development.
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correlational design
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we cannot infer cause and effect in a correlational design.
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major limitation
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permits influences about cause and effect because researcers use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions.
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experimental design
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the one the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable.
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Independant
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the on the investigator expects to be influenced by the independant variable.
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Dependant
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participants to treatment conditions. By using an unbiased procedure, such as drawing numbers out of a hator flipping a coin, investigators increase the chances that participants characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups.
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random assignment
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participants are studied repeatedly and changes are noted as they get older.
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Longitudinal design
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tracks the performance of each person over time, researchers can identify common patterns as well as individual differences in development.
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strength of longitudinal study
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permits investigators to examine relationships between ealy and later events and behaviors.
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second strength of longitudinal study
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participants may move away or drop out of research
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limitation for longitudinal study
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