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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What event "sparked" the start of WWI?
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June 28, 1914
Gavrilo Princip shot Austiran Archduke Ferdinand and wife in Sarajevo |
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What countries were in the Triple Alliance?
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Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary
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When was the Triple Alliance formed?
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1882
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What is the difference between the Triple Alliance and the Central Powers?
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Italy fought with Germany and Austria-Hungary in the Triple Alliance but not with the Central Powers in WWI
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What was WWI called at that time?
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The Great War
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What countries were in the Triple Entente?
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France, Britain and Russia
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What does entente mean?
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a non binding agreement to follow a common practice.
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What is militarism?
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glorification of the military and war, romantic visions of war...
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What territory did France lose in the Franco-Prussian war in 1871?
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Alsace and Lorraine
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Give two examples of how nationalism impacted start of WWI
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Slavic nationalism...led to dreams for a Slavic state like Serbia.
nationalism in the Austian-Hungarian empire, fears of splitting up |
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Who declared war first?
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Austria on Serbia, July 28, 1914, one month after the assassination.
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Why did Germany declare war on Russia?
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Because Russia was mobilizing soldiers to fight in support of Serbia, a slavic people.
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Why did Germany declare war on France?
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Because France was an ally of Russia and they refused to keep out of the conflict.
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Why did Britain enter the war?
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Because Germany invaded Belgium and violated Belgium neutrality.
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What did the US do at the beginning of the war?
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nothing, neutral
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What was Germany's Schlieffen Plan?
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Quick invasion of France through Belgium, defeat France while Russia was mobilizing, then fight Russia in the East
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What did Germany want to avoid?
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War on two fronts (West: Europe, East: Russia)
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Was the Schlieffen plan successful?
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no, it turned into a stalemate on both fronts.
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What years were the stalemate?
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1915, 1916
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What were the two big offensive efforts in 1916 on the Western Front?
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German attack at Verdun (lasted 11 months, 500,000 dead or wounded)
Allies attack at the Somme (lasted 5 month, 1 million dead or wounded) |
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What were two new types of weapons?
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machine guns
long range artillery |
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What is poison gas?
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Gas used at a weapon in WWI
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What were new vehicles in WWI?
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tanks
airplanes submarines |
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What happened at the battle of Tannenberg?
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Russia lost decisively to Germany, retreated back to Russia
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Who did Bulgaria fight with, Allies or Central Powers?
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Central Powers
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Who did Italy fight with, Allies or Central Powers?
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Allies
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What happened to Italy at the Battle of Caporetto in 1917?
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Austria and Germany attacked, Italy retreated, pushed Italy effectively out of the war.
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Which side did the Ottoman Empire fight on ?
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Central Powers
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Where are the Dardenelles?
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straight of water connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea
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Why are the Dardenelles important?
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Because it is the supply line from the Allies to Russia
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What happened at Gallipoli?
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10 month battle, 200,000 dead, Allies retreat from the Dardenelles.
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What happened to the Armenians in Turkey?
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During the war, they were deported to Syria and between 600,000-1.5 million died: GENOCIDE
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Who was Lawrence of Arabia?
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British colonel supporting Arab nationalists against old Ottoman empire in Arab revolts of 1916.
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Give examples of the concept of "total war"
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universal military conscription
rational of food and other products on civilians forced civilian labor U boats propaganda |
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What was the Lusitania?
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a British passenger ship that was torpedoed and sunk off Ireland in 1915 by Germans, 1,200 passengers killed
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Who was Edith Cavell?
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a British nurse executed by Germany for "spying", became a propaganda piece for Britain
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When did the US enter the war?
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1917
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What was the Zimmerman note about?
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Note from the German ambassador Zimmerman to the German ambassador in Mexico proposes that Mexico attack the US and Germany would help them to recover lost territory like Texas
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What were President Wilson's 14 points about?
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terms for ending WWI and prevented future wars
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What was the key to President Wilson's 14 points?
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Self determination or the right of people to chose their own government.
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When did WWI end
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November 11, 1918
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What is an armistice?
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An agreement to end fighting
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What was the pandemic of 1918?
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Flu virus that circled the globe and killed more than 20 million people.
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What are reparations?
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payments for war damage
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What was the Paris Peace Conference?
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Meeting of Allies (not Russia) to discuss the fate of Europe
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What was the treaty drawn up at the Paris Peace Conference?
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The Treaty of Versailles
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What happened to Germany under the Treaty of Versailles/
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reparation ($30 billion)- pay the cost of the war
accept blame for the war return Alsace and Lorraine to France lose territory in East Germany, becomes Poland, lose most overseas colonies |
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How did Germans view the Treaty of Versailles
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ANGER, RESENTMENT, UNFAIR... LEADS TO HITLER AND WWII
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What happened to most overseas territories
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Mandate system, the European countries just divided them up, took over the countries and ruled them like colonies
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What was the League of Nations?
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40 nations agreed to join, negotiate disputes, take common action, President Wilson's idea
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What happened to the League of Nations?
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The US Senate refused to pass the treaty so the US never joined and it died away.
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Who were the last tsars of Russia?
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Nicholas and Alexandra
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What was the name of the dynasty of the Russian tsars?
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Romanov
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Who was Rasputin?
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An influential "holy man", Alexandra relies on him to help rule the country while tsar Nicholas is away...Russian nobles kill him.
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What is the proletariat?
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workers
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What is a soviet?
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a council of workers and soldiers
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What happened in Russia in 1917?
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First the tsar steps down (March 1917), then the Bolsheviks led by Lenin take charge (October 1917)
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Who was Lenin?
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a marxist, leader of the radical Bolshevik party, takes over Russian from provisional government by force.
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Who were the Reds and the Whites in the Russian Revolution?
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Reds were the Bolsheviks
White were the all others, including tsarist imperial officers, Menshaviks, democrats. |
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How long did the Russian revolution last?
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three years
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When did the Communists consolidate power?
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by 1922
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What was the Checka?
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Communist secret police force
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Who was Trotsky?
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Communist military leader
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Who killed the tsar and his family?
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Communist, 1918
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What did Lenin names former Russia?
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USSR, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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When did Lenin die?
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1924
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Who emerged as the leader of the USSR?
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Joseph Stalin
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What happened to Trotsky?
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Fled Russia in 1929, was murdered in 1940 by Russian agent.
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What was the March Revolution?
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1917, forces the tsar to abdicate
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What was the November Revolution?
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provisional government defeated by the Bolsheviks
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What treat ended Russia's involvement in WWI?
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The Treaty of Brest-Livosk
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What does the hammer and sickle represent?
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unity between the worker and the farmer
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